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RUSSIAN PUBLICATION: “The DNA of Bacteria of the World Ocean and the Earth in Cosmic Dust at the International Space Station. By T. V. Grebennikova, A. V. Syroeshkin, E. V. Shubralova, O. V. Eliseeva, L. V. Kostina, N. Y. Kulikova, O. E. Latyshev, M. A. Morozova, A. G. Yuzhakov, I. A. Zlatskiy, M. A. Chichaeva, and O. S. Tsygankov.” (April 2018). https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SPACE SURVIVAL CONFIRMATIONS. “From the time of the first orbiting satellites to modern projects experiments in open space have shown extraordinary, possibly months-long resilience and survival of different taxonomic groups in the damaging radiation of near space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE for this and next weekend focuses on a stunning Russian publication documenting microorganisms collected from the outside of the International Space Station during a spacewalk. Unlike their American counterparts, the Russians have maintained a strong public interest in exploring life in space, and this is an extremely important publication. The samples were collected in 2013, and the publication came out in 2018. View in LinkedIn

STRATOSPHERIC ORGANISMS. “Aerobiological studies have also shown the existence of active and dormant forms of bacterial and fungal spores in the stratosphere, for example, Micrococcus luteum, Mycobacterium albus, Circinella muscae, Aspergillus niger, Papulaspora anomala, Penicillium notatum; Bacillus simplex, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Engyodontium album; Deinococcus aetherius; and Bacillus isronensis.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

Limestone marker of lost significance near the Girona cathedral. View in LinkedIn

LICHENS SURVIVED 1.5 YEARS IN SPACE. “Thus Antarctic rocks colonized by lichens and fungi (Stihosotskus sp. and Acarospora sp.) were placed for 1.5 years on the ISS, simulating conditions on Mars, and then investigated by molecular methods. It was determined that extraterrestrial ultraviolet (UV) emission of sun (λ ≥ 110 nm) and also Martian UV (λ ≥ 200 nm) are the most harmful factors. However, even after such treatment, there remained a small percentage of live spores.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

SURVIVAL OF TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS IN SPACE. “A number of researchers have made an effort to investigate panspermia and have paid much attention to the exploration of survival mechanisms of living organisms in the interplanetary space. Survival of different types of microorganisms to a prolonged exposure in space was confirmed in experiments, which were performed on the American and Japanese segments of ISS.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

MODERN PANSPERMIA CHAMPIONS. “Hoyle and Wickramasinghe have reexamined the Arrhenius hypothesis using new data.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

PANSPERMIA HYPOTHESIS. “At the beginning of the 20th century Svante Arrhenius formulated the hypothesis of panspermia, in which he suggested an extraterrestrial source of life. The development of this hypothesis gave rise to an idea of a possible way of transportation of bacteria and spores through interplanetary and interstellar space.” https://lnkd.in/dNHWs6R View in LinkedIn

Handmade toys in Girona. View in LinkedIn