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STORM DYNAMICS. “During storms, the plasmapause moves inward due to the enhanced solar wind driving, while a drainage plume develops in the dusk sector. Within this plume, the cold plasma flows outward toward the magnetopause thus escaping from the plasmasphere.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC PLASMASPHERE. “During magnetic quiescence, the plasmasphere is expanded and the plasmapause can be located outside geostationary orbit. Particularly during low magnetic activity conditions, there is significant variability in the plasmapause location.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

GIANT GYRES. “Statistical studies have shown that the position of the plasmapause is correlated with geomagnetic activity, being at smaller radial distances during higher levels of activity. This can be understood by the enhanced convection electric field moving the boundary between the convection-dominated outer region and the co-rotation-dominated inner region closer to the Earth.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

PLASMAPAUSE. “The location of the outer boundary of the plasmasphere, the plasmapause, is controlled by the relative intensities of the solar wind-imposed electric field and the co-rotation electric field. Although roughly circular in shape, the plasmapause often shows an elongation in the duskside, following the general electric field pattern.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC BLANKET. “The plasmasphere encircling the Earth is formed by cold ionospheric plasma flowing outward along magnetic field lines. At low latitudes, close to the Earth, magnetic flux tubes follow drift paths that co-rotate with the Earth and therefore are filled with escaping ionospheric plasma in time scales of several days.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MODELS. “There are a number of large-scale magnetospheric magnetic field models that give the field configuration as a function of either solar wind conditions or magnetospheric activity parameters.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

POWERFUL ELECTRONS. “The most significant hazard to Earth-orbiting satellites is posed by high fluxes of relativistic electrons, which can penetrate the spacecraft systems. These electrons are transported under the same electric and magnetic fields as the ring current ions, but their higher speed makes them less sensitive to the details of the electric field structure.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

EVERYTHING CONNECTS. “The ring current ions affect the relativistic electron population through their influence on the field configuration and through their influence on wave development.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

MONSTER GYRES. “The magnetic field configuration is a key element in determining the adiabatic transport properties of both electrons and ions. The field configuration is determined by the large-scale current systems, in the inner magnetosphere mainly the ring current carried by energetic ions.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn