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SONIC RESONANCE. “Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in turn are excited near the duskside plasmapause as a result of cyclotron resonance with anisotropic ring current ions, and also interact with the van Allen belt electron population. Again, it is likely that more than one process is active in the inner magnetosphere during any given time.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ECHO CHAMBER. “Lightning-induced whistler modes or man-made very low frequency (VLF) signals in the inner magnetosphere interact strongly with relativistic electrons.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

GYRORESONANT. “Several wave modes interacting with the electrons at resonant energies can scatter them to the atmospheric loss cone hence leading to increased precipitation and loss of electrons from the magnetosphere. Plasmaspheric hiss is a wave mode confined within the plasmasphere, driven unstable by gyroresonant interaction with energetic electrons.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

CALMING STORMS. “Electron losses are similarly a combination of many processes: convective losses by electrons drifting to the dayside magnetopause are significant especially at storm onset when the magnetosphere is often rapidly compressed to almost half of its original size.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

ELECTRON SPEED DRIVERS. “The candidate processes that can account for acceleration of the magnetospheric electrons to relativistic energies can be divided into three major categories: radial diffusion, rapid transport by intense electric field pulses, and local heating via wave-particle interactions.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

WIND DRIVEN ELECTRONS. “This result was later augmented by the understanding that those high-speed streams that were coincident with southward interplanetary magnetic field were more efficient in enhancing the electron fluxes. As southward interplanetary field and high solar wind speed are the main drivers of magnetospheric storm activity, it is not surprising that the average electron flux levels trace geomagnetic activity.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn

RIVERS OF ELECTRONS. “The relativistic electron intensity variations are driven by the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions. Early studies found a correlation between the relativistic electron flux enhancements and solar wind high speed streams.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn