21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-03-05 06:02:42

linkedin post 2021-03-05 06:02:42

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MATTER + GRAVITY = FORCE. “The fascinating feature of extended theories is based on the coupling between matter and gravitational fields. Such type of coupling provides an extra force which may yield interesting results and helps to inspect hidden puzzles causing the cosmic expansion.” https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0577907319309773 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-03-06 05:08:55

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STICKY VARNISH. “Put some linseed oil in a small new pot and add some finely powdered gum called sandarac, which the Romans call glassa. When you place it over a fire, heat it carefully, without letting it boil, until a third part has evaporated, and be careful of the flame because it is extremely dangerous and difficult to extinguish if it catches fire. Every painting coated with this varnish becomes bright and decorative and completely durable.” https://lnkd.in/d7yzXt5 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-03-06 05:05:36

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ROASTED GYPSUM OR ALABASTER is CaSO4·2H2O + heat --> CaSO4.1/2 H2O (plaster of Paris). In mediaeval England there were extensive mines at Nottingham that was the source of an extraordinary alabaster used in church figures all over Europe that had the quality of ivory.” It was not commonly found throughout the UK, and limited to selected areas. https://lnkd.in/dvgrkJ7 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:54:54

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CASEIN GLUE for making altar panels and doors. “Soft cheese is cut up into small pieces and washed with warm water with a pestle and mortar until the water, which you have poured in several times, comes out unclouded. Then this cheese is thinned out by hand and placed in cold water until it becomes hard...mixed with quicklime until it becomes thick as lees.” (Quicklime is roasted limestone, calcium oxide (CaO) which the craftsman would roast in a special kiln after quarrying the stone), https://lnkd.in/d7yzXt5 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:50:33

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MAKING INK. “Cut yourself some wood of the hawthorn -- in April or May before they produce blossom and allow then to lie in the shade for two, three or four weeks until they are fairly well dried out...pound these thorns on a hard piece of bark...and draw off the sap of the bark in barrels of water...” (etc). https://lnkd.in/d7yzXt5 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:47:23

linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:47:23

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STUPIUM. “Long-term contact with lead(II,IV) oxide may lead to accumulation of lead compounds in organisms, with development of symptoms of acute lead poisoning. Chronic poisoning displays as agitation, irritability, vision disorders, hypertension, and a grayish facial hue.” (Red lead pigment). https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II,IV)_oxide View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:44:56

linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:44:56

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VERY TOXIC PAINT. “When inhaled, lead(II,IV) oxide irritates lungs. In case of high dose, the victim experiences a metallic taste, chest pain, and abdominal pain. When ingested, it is dissolved in the gastric acid and absorbed, leading to lead poisoning. High concentrations can be absorbed through skin as well, and it is important to follow safety precautions when working with lead-based paint.” Red lead pigment should have been called stupidum in Latin not stupium for rinse. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II,IV)_oxide View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:39:39

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MINIUM. “Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead or minium, is the inorganic compound with the formula Pb3O4. A bright red or orange solid, it is used as pigment, in the manufacture of batteries, and rustproof primer paints. It is an example of a mixed valence compound, being composed of both Pb(II) and Pb(IV) in the ratio of two to one.” https://lnkd.in/d9WpCnR View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2021-03-06 04:36:45

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RED LEAD. “Minium, also known as red lead, is a bright orange red pigment that was widely used in the Middle Ages for the decoration of manuscripts and for painting. It was made by roasting white lead pigment in the air; the white lead would gradually turn yellow, then into an orange lead tetroxide. The color varied depending upon how long the mineral was roasted. Minium of red lead was sometimes called stupium in classical Latin.” https://lnkd.in/dYDtahT) View in LinkedIn
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