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PRINCIPLE VIOLATED. “While this behavior of the entanglement entropy of evaporating black holes violates the holographic principle as it relates to black hole horizons, there is no conflict with the Bousso covariant entropy bound that Bousso used to motivate the holographic principle.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

ENTANGLED MATTER. “Also, the matter shell that formed the black hole and any matter subsequently accreting into the black hole may have been entangled with quanta that remain outside the black hole.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

“QUANTUM INFORMATION propagating into the black hole early on crosses the z = 0 hypersurface into the white hole at an enormous spacelike separation from the late stage black hole horizon.” https://lnkd.in/dUKnus8 View in LinkedIn

Perfectly nested, delicately formed, shamelessly posing for tbe camera. View in LinkedIn

THE CONUNDRUM. “The evolution of sperm modification by Wolbachia poses an evolutionary puzzle—the trait is only expressed in males and yet symbionts in males are not passed on to the next generation. In randomly mating populations, it will be at best selectively neutral.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

DIRECTIONALITY HYPOTHESIS. “This is because females harboring additional Wolbachia strains will be compatible with all males in the population. An equivalent process will promote the invasion and maintenance of cif paralogs within the same genome, provided that they encode bidirectionally incompatible modification and rescue factors. If bidirectionally incompatibility evolves gradually, this hypothesis predicts that paralogous cif genes within a genome might be distantly related.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

GENERIC DIVERSITY. “Wolbachia genomes often carry multiple cifA–cifB gene pairs. This is analogous to the frequent occurrence of multiple Wolbachia strains within the same host individuals. Both experimental and theoretical studies have demonstrated that such multiple infections can invade host populations provided the strains carry different modification and rescue factors.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

LAYERED PIGGYBACK. “Indeed, cif genes that lose their association with mobile elements may ultimately go extinct as they would be less likely to undergo horizontal transfer. As argued by Beckmann, Bonneau, et al. (2019), in some cases CI may be best viewed as an adaptation of mobile genetic elements to spread within Wolbachia populations.” (CI = cytoplasmic incompatibility). https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

MINOR PLAYER. “However, this does not mean that phages are not a major route of horizontal transmission of cif genes, and the association between cif genes and mobile genetic elements supports the idea that the ability to move horizontally between genomes may be an important adaptation of these elements.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn

UNCORRELATED. “Interestingly, Lepage et al. (2017) found no significant association between the phylogenies of cif genes and genes found in the structural module of phages. Prophage regions often rearrange which likely explains this pattern.” https://lnkd.in/dXjWp9f View in LinkedIn