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CANCER CLOCK. “In this work, a new theory of quantum cryptography for biology has been developed. In particular, we used the loop braid group for biology to visualize the G-quadruplex with six repeated sequences in a telomere. We plotted the Chern–Simons current in the genotypes of all samples to detect the physiology in the biological time series data. We found that the graph of cancer gene has a degree of nonstationary time series data more than the normal gene.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

CLOCK CONTROL. “The acceleration of the life clock is caused by the imbalance of collisions between the telomere and telomerase by passing the energy-momentum tensor in protein–protein interactions.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

STARTLING. “The other part of noncoding RNA in mRNA is an intron state, denoted as αi cocycle of retrotransposon state in ncRNA space R∗. The function of intron state is to control the gene expression as public and private keys to deliver the sequence of mRNA out of the nuclear membrane with the help of y-RNA. The keys will match to each other outside the nuclear pore in ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum for the process of t-RNA to match the public and private keys inside ribosome for the translation process of producing the amino acid. It might be a real function of the non-protein-coding DNA.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

NEW THINKING IN BIOLOGY. “The rotation of the clock produces a spinor field in time series data as a signal for cell transduction. It is the information inside codon which generates the public and private keys in quantum cryptography along the geneonic state. The signal of protein expression is expressed as immune receptors and signal transduction with the public and private keys. The protein state belongs to a superspace P. The gene expression in the eukaryotic cell with mRNA will have approximately eight exon states with βi cocycle geneonic states.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL CLOCK. “The interaction between the D-brane of a telomere in the non-protein-coding DNA and the anti-D-brane of the telomerase enzyme with embedded noncoding RNA is the source of the biological clock and cell aging in a living organism. This process of the biological clock generator is the rotation of a homogeneous coordinate in the gene expression.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

RADICAL RESET. “We can unify them as a loop braid group in genetic code as the smallest subunit in the translating of the DNA sequence into a folded protein. The flying ring is just an 8-spinor field in the homogeneous coordinate of supermanifold in the genetic code.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

NEW PERSPECTIVE. “We use loop braid group to define the flying ring in the (3 + 3) extra dimensions of triplet state of transition between the DNA, RNA, and protein. These three molecules are interconnected by combining them into a four-dimensional coordinate system.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn

DISEASE ROLE. “Additionally, the noncoding genome can generate or form three-dimensional structures in such a way as to generate protein molecular systems associated with disease (cancer). Our purpose is to build suitable new methodology for detection of such secondary and tertiary DNA structures in noncoding regions.” https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/12/8/1214/htm View in LinkedIn