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US AND SOVIET FOOD-TARGETED BIOWARFARE. "During World War II, the United States and Canada secretly developed anti-livestock agents such as rinderpest ... Between 1951 and 1969, the United States also produced and stockpiled three anti-crop agents: stem rust of wheat, stem rust of rye, and rice blast. From the 1960s through the early 1990s, the Soviet Union’s anti-agricultural warfare program (which had the ironic cover-name “Ecology”) employed some 10,000 people and targeted poultry, livestock, and crops." http://lnkd.in/dnjsN5Thttp://lnkd.in/drn33tq View in LinkedIn

BIOMALWARE COMBINED WITH CROP MONOCULTURE "certainly increases food security issues, not only from a climatic and natural disease vulnerability, but also from the deliberate attempts of individuals, governments or corporations to game the system with genome-specific biomalware." http://lnkd.in/dZa_SKe View in LinkedIn

PERHAPS THOUSANDS OF OPEN AIR TESTS. "Dugway Proving Ground is a military testing facility located approximately 80 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. From 1951 through 1969, hundreds, perhaps thousands of open-air tests using bacteria and viruses that cause disease in human, animals, and plants were conducted at Dugway... It is unknown how many people in the surrounding vicinity were also exposed to potentially harmful agents used in open-air tests at Dugway." (US GAO Report 1994). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugway_Proving_Ground View in LinkedIn

GENOME-SPECIFIC WEAPONS. "Agriculture is highly vulnerable to genotype-specific weapons. Agriculture, particularly in many developed countries, has several properties that make it vulnerable to attack with genotype-specific weapons. Typically it employs monocropping of large acreages with genetically identical cultivars, and high-density husbandry of genetically inbred animal strains. These agronomic practices reduce the genetic variability that makes populations resistant to genotype-specific weapons, and it creates conditions (large, dense populations) that facilitate disease spread." http://lnkd.in/dZa_SKe View in LinkedIn

DOUGWAY TESTS. "In total, almost 500,000 lb (230,000 kg) of nerve agent were dispersed during open-air tests ... including 328 open-air tests of biological weapons, 74 dirty bomb tests, and eight furnace heatings of nuclear material under open air conditions to simulate the dispersal of fallout in the case of meltdown of aeronautic nuclear reactors." http://lnkd.in/dft3Xjj View in LinkedIn

PROJECT ECOLOGY: ANTI-LIVESTOCK AGENTS. "In 1980s Soviet Ministry of Agriculture had successfully developed variants of foot-and-mouth disease, and rinderpest against cows, African swine fever for pigs, and psittacosis to kill chicken. These agents were prepared to spray them down from tanks attached to airplanes over hundreds of miles. The secret program was code-named "Ecology"." http://lnkd.in/dFHK9z5 View in LinkedIn

DOUGWAY PROVING GROUND, "much of the activity at Dugway Proving Ground is a closely guarded secret. Activities at Dugway included aerial nerve agent testing ... Dugway was still producing small quantities of anthrax as late as 1998, 30 years after the United States renounced biological weapons. There were at least 1,100 other chemical tests at Dugway during the time period of the Dugway sheep incident." http://lnkd.in/dft3Xjj View in LinkedIn

COLD WAR ANTI-CROP AGENTS. "Diseases such as wheat blast and rice blast were weaponized in aerial spray tanks and cluster bombs for delivery to enemy watersheds in agricultural regions to initiate epiphytotics (epidemics among plants). When the United States renounced its offensive biological warfare program in 1969 and 1970, the vast majority of its biological arsenal was composed of these plant diseases. Scorched earth tactics or destroying livestock and farmland were carried out in the Vietnam war (cf. Agent Orange) and Eelam War in Sri Lanka." http://lnkd.in/dFHK9z5 View in LinkedIn

"THE DUGWAY SHEEP INCIDENT, also known as the Skull Valley sheep kill, was a 1968 sheep kill that has been connected to United States Army chemical and biological warfare programs at Dugway Proving Ground in Utah. Six thousand sheep were killed on ranches near the base." http://lnkd.in/dft3Xjj View in LinkedIn

"ANTI-AGRICULTURAL BIOWARFARE ... there exist a variety of possibilities for economic gain for perpetrators, and the list of possible perpetrators includes corporations, which may have state-of-the-art technical expertise. Furthermore, attacks are substantially easier to do: the agents aren’t hazardous to humans, delivery systems are readily available and unsophisticated, maximum effect may only require a few cases, delivery from outside the target country is possible, and an effective attack can be constructed to appear natural." http://lnkd.in/dZa_SKe View in LinkedIn