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DUTCH DOLL CATASTROPHE. “The Glaville Fritillary butterfly was introduced into the island of Sottunga as a scientific experiment, but unfortunately it contained the larvae of a parasitic wasp, which themselves contained larvae of a hyperparasitoid wasp, as well as the parasitic bacteria Wolbachia. Unwittingly, all three species were introduced. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/14/butterflies-finland-parasitic-wasps?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other View in LinkedIn

APPLICATION. “One of the most interesting consequences of low energetic matter-antimatter interaction is the development of a novel source of energy which could be employed as fuel for engines for space Labs.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

HIGH ENERGY OUTPUT. “The resulting annihilation processes could provide us with a source of considerable amount of energy (In Table 2 are presented the orders of magnitudes of energies gained by different sources).“ https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

MECHANISM. “In this case we argue that if a thermalized beam of positrons passes through a palladium sheet in which a large number of free (or localized) electrons are populated, different positronium entities could be formed as well as positron-electron plasma.“ https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE COLD FUSION. “An alternative to the preceding scenario, we consider the possible production of huge amount of Energy through the formation of highly populated medium (Plasma), composed of electrons and positrons, injected via electron and positron guns into palladium sheets.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

ONE TYPE OF HIGH ENERGY COLD FUSION. “The creation of large number of antihydrogens in the laboratory, suggests a new scenario of cold fusion in which Hydrogen followed by Antihydrogen is injected in a sheet of Palladium Crystals.” https://lnkd.in/df-X8h2E View in LinkedIn

OUTLIERS. These “hard-to-classify entities” include smart macromolecules, complex chemical networks, spontaneous crystals, large viruses, streamlined bacteria. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

IGNORING THE DETAILS. “Yet, numerous hard-to-classify entities are now known that challenge our very intuitions about life and non-life.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

THE HARD TO CLASSIFY. “From spontaneously self-reorganizing crystals to mega-viruses to drastically reduced micro-endosymbionts, all these microscopic entities that we mentioned in the introduction constitute a set of entities that are hard to categorize as either truly living or truly non-living.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn

DEFINITION OF LIFE. “However the real difficulty lays elsewhere: in the surprising diversity of borderline cases—giant viruses, sterile organisms, extreme microsymbionts, etc.—and disputes that follow their categorization as alive or not.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-019-02356-w View in LinkedIn