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WEAK EM VIOLATION. “That year brought a great shock in the first concrete evidence, through the experiment of Wu, Ambler, Hayward, Hoppes, and Hudson, that P invariance holds only for strong and electromagnetic interactions and is violated in the weak interactions.” https://lnkd.in/dqXS2nnQ View in LinkedIn

DOGMA OF UNIVERSALITY. “Up to 1957 It was believed that C, P, and T invariance separately holds for all physical phenomena.” https://lnkd.in/dqXS2nnQ View in LinkedIn

SNIFF TEST. “Consequently, although violation of time-reversal invariance allows a distinction to be made in elementary particle weak interactions between the past and the future, such a distinction is unrelated to our daily consciousness of the past and the future.” https://lnkd.in/dstWYyq5 View in LinkedIn

BLACK BOX. “The neat pattern of the division of interactions into four categories with vastly different strengths...is itself a great mystery. Physicists have learned to live with this pattern, without really understanding it. “ https://lnkd.in/dqXS2nnQ View in LinkedIn

TIME IS DISCONNECTED FROM ENTROPY. “Fortunately the answer to this question is simple. Entropy belongs to the realm of equilibrium statistical physics, within which time-reversal invariance plays no role.” https://lnkd.in/dqXS2nnQ View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes this weekend on a charming paper concerned with the physics of symmetry. That said, no physicist does more than describe symmetry, unable to explain why it exists. This is true for many physical phenomena, including energy. We describe it by the work that it does but are at a loss to say what it really is. https://lnkd.in/dqXS2nnQ View in LinkedIn

TIME AND ENTROPY. “If time-reversal invariance is violated, is it necessary to re-evaluate the traditional concepts of statistical physics, in particular the concept of entropy?” https://lnkd.in/dqXS2nnQ View in LinkedIn

ACTION AND REACTION. “According to Newtons third law, the change in momentum of the particles being pushed towards the exhaust will generate an equal impulse on the magnetic field in the opposite direction which will in turn be imparted on the entire engine and any vessel connected to the engine.” https://lnkd.in/dtWtzEsU View in LinkedIn

ANTIMATTER ENGINE. “One proposed method for utilizing antimatter as a fuel source is the antimatter beam core engine. The beam core design generates a thrust by redirecting charged particles from an antiproton-proton annihilation through an exhaust using a magnetic field.” https://lnkd.in/dtWtzEsU View in LinkedIn

HIGH VALUE ANTIMATTER FUEL. “A specific impulse of (2.49 ± 0.08) × 10(6) s was determined. This value is significantly higher than specific impulses of current chemical rocket fuels which range from 240 - 400 s.” https://lnkd.in/dtWtzEsU View in LinkedIn