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COSMIC UNCERTAINTY. “But it is known that the relative strengths of electromagnetism and the nuclear forces are not always the same, so why should gravity be any different? Cosmological evidence from the shapes and sizes of galaxies also casts doubt on the equivalence principle on very large scales.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

TERRESTRIAL VALIDATION. “The equivalence principle therefore states that the relative strength of gravity and electromagnetic forces is always the same. This principle has been tested to high accuracy both on the Earth and in satellites orbiting the Earth, and no discrepancy has yet been found.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

EQUIVALENCE. “But in the end his theory of general relativity was based instead on the ‘equivalence principle’, that gravitational mass and inertial mass are the same thing.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

THE ISSUE OF MASS. “A similar problem affects the concept of mass, in the foundations of general relativity. Einstein originally took as his starting point the ‘general principle of relativity’, that is, the principle that the laws of physics are the same for all observers.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

NEW SUBSTITUTION. “Everything that can be explained with spinors can be explained with spacetime instead. Thus it is not only desirable, but almost certainly essential, to abandon the concept of a spinor altogether.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

THE VESSEL. “This means that ordinary space and time are sufficient to explain this initially surprising property of electrons, protons and neutrons.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

CONTAINED SPIN. “That image provides a model for how electrons, protons and neutrons ‘spin’— something is ‘holding on’ to them. That something, I maintain, is the rest of the universe, and the way it is holding on is by the various forces of nature, most importantly electromagnetism, but also including gravity.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

VISUALIZATION. “This is not as mysterious as it sounds, and can be visualised with an ordinary coffee mug: if you rotate it through 360◦ on a table it comes back to where it started. Now try to keep hold of the mug as you rotate it in the air in front of you: after 360◦ you will find your arm is uncomfortably twisted, but if you keep going through another 360◦ in the same direction, you will find your arm has somehow magically untwisted itself.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn

TRIANGULATION. “Since pressure (energy density) is given by kinetic energy minus (plus) potential energy, a negligible kinetic energy means that the pressure of the unconventional energy is roughly equal to minus its energy density, leading to accelerating cosmic expansion, in agreement with observation.” https://lnkd.in/eA85pA5X View in LinkedIn

THE ISSUE OF SPIN. “Ordinary spinning objects return to their original state after rotating through 360◦. Quantum mechanics is based on the idea that certain fundamental particles, including the electron, proton and neutron that make up all of ordinary matter, ‘spin’ in a different way: they have to rotate through two whole revolutions, that is 720◦, before they return to their original state.” https://lnkd.in/e-atRRat View in LinkedIn