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FAST SCALE. “Cosmological solutions exhibiting fast scale factor oscillations also appear quite generically in many other theoretical frameworks, such as semiclassical quantum gravity, cosmological models with oscillating dark energy, and various modified gravity theories.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

INVISIBLE FIELDS. “The particle is subjected to vacuum electric field fluctuations even if no real photons are present. These fluctuations exert a force on the particle which can either push the particle toward the barrier, enhancing the tunneling probability, or away from the barrier, suppressing tunneling.” https://lnkd.in/eUwbdDwb View in LinkedIn

ISSUE OF SCALE. “However, the effect of this huge “true” cosmological constant at macroscopic scales is largely canceled by strong metric fluctuations on the Planck scale. As a result, the effective cosmological constant observed at macroscopic cosmological scales equals its currently measured value of Λ = 1.11 × 10(−52) m(−2).” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

1ST SOLUTION. “The approach developed in [1] implies that, at the ultra-fast and microscopic (Planck) scales, the “true” magnitude of the cosmological constant is very large, and its magnitude is defined by the vacuum energy density predicted by quantum mechanics, which is about 120 orders of magnitude larger than the value experimentally observed at cosmological scales.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

2ND SOLUTION. “Perhaps standard effective field theory arguments are right, and vacuum fluctuations really do generate a huge cosmological constant. I show that if one does not assume homogeneity and an arrow of time at the Planck scale, a very large class of general relativistic initial data exhibit expansions, shears, and curvatures that are enormous at small scales, but quickly average to zero macroscopically.” https://lnkd.in/exjYNciU View in LinkedIn

1ST POSSIBLE SOLUTION. “Wang et al. suggested that very fast quantum fluctuations in the universe scale factor may also considerably alter the universe dynamics on very fast time scales, thus providing a potential solution to the cosmological constant problem.” https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/6/164/htm View in LinkedIn

BREAKING SYMMETRY. “In particular, it was shown that a periodically driven many-body system can spontaneously break discrete time-translation symmetry and self-reorganize its motion so that it evolves with a period longer than the drive.” https://lnkd.in/e5UXiem5 View in LinkedIn

IMPETUS. “However, his idea inspired further proposals in time-independent and time-dependent quantum systems.” https://lnkd.in/e5UXiem5 View in LinkedIn

TOO FAR OUT. “While a classical particle can perform periodic motion even if its energy is the lowest possible and a classical time crystal can form, the quantum time crystal proposed by Wilczek turned out not to be feasible.” https://lnkd.in/e5UXiem5 View in LinkedIn

QUANTUM TIME CRYSTALS. “To create such a ‘quantum time crystal’, he considered the possibility of spontaneous breaking of continuous time-translation symmetry in the ground state of a many-body system, in analogy with the formation of an ordinary crystal in space.” https://lnkd.in/e5UXiem5 View in LinkedIn