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PLACENTA HARBORS A MICROBIOME SIMILAR TO THE MOUTH. "Placental specimens (were) collected under sterile conditions from 320 subjects. We characterized a unique placental microbiome niche, composed of nonpathogenic commensal microbiota ... In aggregate, the placental microbiome profiles were most akin ... to the human oral microbiome." http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/237/237ra65.short View in LinkedIn

"EARLY MICROBIAL PROGRAMMING begins in utero and is substantially modulated by mode of birth, perinatal antibiotics and breastfeeding ... this stepwise microbial colonization process ... might have a long-lasting influence on the risk of not only gastrointestinal disease, but also allergic, autoimmune and metabolic disease, in later life." http://www.nature.com/nrgastro/journal/v9/n10/abs/nrgastro.2012.144.html View in LinkedIn

"MATERNAL GUT MICROBIOTA may be able to translocate to the baby/placenta via the blood stream. Women’s gut microbiota change during pregnancy and this impacts on metabolism. During a vaginal birth the baby is colonised by maternal vaginal and faecal bacteria." http://lnkd.in/d_7QzAj View in LinkedIn

IMMUNE COMPROMISE OF C-SECTION BABIES. "Infants delivered by C-section had lower levels of Th1 in their blood, showing an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 chemicals (and) could be more susceptible to developing allergies ... a lack of good gut bacteria can lead to allergies, diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease." http://lnkd.in/d6d83nN View in LinkedIn

BIRTH CANAL BACTERIA KEY FOR INFANT HEALTH. "Infants who are delivered by caesarean section have a lower range of good gut bacteria in their first 2 years of life, compared with infants delivered through the mother's birth canal ... babies delivered by C-section were missing one of the major groups of gut bacteria, the Bacteroidetes phylum, compared with the babies who were born vaginally." http://lnkd.in/d6d83nN View in LinkedIn

WOMB MICROBIOME. "Popular thinking has held that as a baby works his way through a birth canal teeming with microorganisms, his body is colonized with its first commensal bacteria ... But a bevy of microbes exist in the womb. Tissues once thought to be germ-free are crawling with microbes, and that babies’ introduction to the microbial world comes from multiple ...sources." http://lnkd.in/d_Vd_vN View in LinkedIn

PROBIOTIC TREATMENT FOR MASTITIS, NOT ANTIBIOTICS. "He designed a study in which women took supplements containing the missing bacteria, and found that, sure enough, the same strains of Lactobacillus showed up in their breast milk. Unexpectedly, after about three weeks on the supplements, the women reported that their mastitis had cleared up." http://lnkd.in/d_Vd_vN View in LinkedIn

SURPRISING: NO STERILITY OF UTERUS, PLACENTA AND FETUS. "Until recently, the uterus and the placenta were thought to be germ-free and sterile—to keep the baby safe from infection. But at just one week old, babies have a complex collection of microbes in their guts. Where do those bacteria come from?" http://lnkd.in/dCRRvHr View in LinkedIn

DISRUPTION OF MILK MICROBIOME WITH ANTIBIOTICS."Mastitis, which can cause such severe pain and is often treated with antibiotics, is characterized by a “huge dysbiosis” of the breast-milk microbiome ... A single strain of pathogenic bacteria would dominate the sample, while Lactobacillus would disappear." http://lnkd.in/d_Vd_vN View in LinkedIn

THE PERFECT STORM. The temporal coincidence of increased C-sections, overuse of antibiotics, bad diets, increased daily stress, a plethora of sub-threshold toxic chemicals in everything we use, and pollution, have created an overload on our natural resistance to disease, and is symptomatic of our modern lives. View in LinkedIn