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PERUVIAN REACTION. The Cato Institute piled in on the Peruvian mistake gratuitously by citing that cancer rates did not fall. Measuring cancer rates takes years or decades, so it simply highlights the inflamed rhetoric behind this report. It also assumes that the readership are uninformed. http://lnkd.in/d_bX885 View in LinkedIn

EMERGING TOXIC BY-PRODUCTS: "emerging DBPs (e.g. iodinated trihalomethanes (THMs) and acids, haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes (HNMs), haloacetaldehydes, nitrosamines) that may be more toxic than some of the regulated ones (e.g. chlorine- and bromine-containing THMs and haloacetic acids)." http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1904/4077.full View in LinkedIn

CATO ON THE PERUVIAN TRAGEDY. "The EPA warns that chlorine reacts with chemicals in water to produce cancer-causing compounds. Heeding that advice, Peruvian officials reduced chlorine in drinking water. Cancer cases didn’t fall. Cholera skyrocketed ... under-chlorinated water failed to kill cholera bacteria ... killing almost 12,000 people." http://lnkd.in/d_bX885 View in LinkedIn

WELL-KNOWN COMMON DBPs. "The most common DBPs are trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Trihalomethanes are the main disinfectant by-products created from chlorination ... bromoform and dibromochloromethane, which are mainly responsible for health hazards." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination View in LinkedIn

UNREGULATED EMERGING DBPs. "Surveys in the USA and Canada in the 1990s and 2000s provided data for assessing the formation, occurrence and control of emerging DBPs that are not currently regulated in the USA." http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1904/4077.full View in LinkedIn

DISINFECTANT BY-PRODUCTS (DBPs). "Chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic compounds found in the water supply to produce compounds known as disinfection byproducts (DBPs)." Chlorine acts as a microbial disinfectant because it is very reactive, but this property is the heart of the problem with chlorination. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination View in LinkedIn

HUNDREDS OF DBPs. "Approximately 50 ‘high-priority’ DBPs were identified that received the highest ranking for potential toxicity ... recent studies suggest that certain emerging DBPs of potential health concern can be formed when alternative disinfectants to chlorine are used to minimize the formation of the regulated chlorination DBPs." http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1904/4077.full View in LinkedIn

ESTABLISHED CHORINATED BY-PRODUCTS. "Chlorinated byproducts of treated drinking water were discovered in 1974 ... And been associated with elevated risk of bladder cancer and colorectal cancer," and brain cancers. This group of toxic byproducts refers to the groups that were described thirty years ago, not the emerging compounds. http://lnkd.in/dDuZVN6 View in LinkedIn

"MANY COUNTRIES REGULATE (or provide guidance for) selected DBPs (e.g. trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) in water ... However, many of the DBPs that have been evaluated in toxicology studies do not account for the health risks observed in many cancer epidemiology studies." These DBPs are just the tip of the iceberg. http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/367/1904/4077.full View in LinkedIn

CHEMISTRY OF TOXICITY. "DBPs are formed through the reaction of a chemical disinfectant (chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, ozone) with an organic precursor, represented by various components of natural organic matter (NOM), and an inorganic precursor, most often certain halide ions." http://lnkd.in/dFbQ65i View in LinkedIn