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NANO VS BULK MATERIAL PROPERTIES. "Nanomaterials exhibit many unique and often tunable physical, chemical, and tri-bological properties that are nonexistent in their bulk counterparts, which has led to research in the generation of materials with controlled microstructural characteristics." http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Debabrata_Goswami/publication/226257162_Coded_nanoscale_self-assembly/links/0912f50c2c40387b0a000000.pdf View in LinkedIn

"MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY is the spontaneous organization of molecules (or parts of molecules) under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions into structurally well-defined stable arrangements through a number of noncovalent interactions without any human intervention." https://lnkd.in/dyqXZ8k View in LinkedIn

"MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY involves non-covalent or weak covalent interactions (van der Waals, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen, and coordination bonds." For self-assembly of large objects, forces like gravitational attraction, electromagnetic fields, manetic, capillary and entropic interactions apply, but not to molecular self-assembly." https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn

ELECTRICAL CODE. "This work demonstrates for the first time that an imposed sequence of electrical inputs can trigger the self-assembly of multilayered hydrogels and thus suggests the broader potential for creating an electrical "code" to generate complex structures in soft matter." https://lnkd.in/dDQgYqG View in LinkedIn

"A MULTILAYER HYDROGEL is fabricated from the stimuli-responsive aminopolysaccharide chitosan by using spatially localized and temporally controlled sequences of electrical signals. By programming the imposed cathodic input signals, chitosan hydrogels with varying layer number and thickness can be fabricated. The inputs of electrical signals induce the formation of hydrogel layers while short interruptions create interfaces between each layer." https://lnkd.in/dDQgYqG View in LinkedIn

SELF-ASSEMBLY = INFORMATION CODED in the shape, surface properties, charge, polarize, magnetic dipole, mass etc. "These characteristics determine the interactions among them." The term information and the term energy are equivalent in these circumstances. https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn

SELF-ASSEMBLY EXAMPLES for Static, Dynamic, Templated and Biological systems, include our old friends: bubble rafts, bacterial colonies, swarms, schools of fish, weather patterns, solar systems, and even galaxies. (See Table 1). https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn

#4. COLLOID CRYSTALLIZATION in 3D optical fields is the last type of self-assembly. Self-assembly requires that the components are mobile, and thus usually occurs in fluids or on smooth surfaces. https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn

#3. "TEMPLATED SELF-ASSEMBLY requires component interaction with the environment to activate, for example, crystallization on surfaces." https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn

#2. DYNAMIC SELF-ASSEMBLY "dissipates energy such as found in living cells. This type of self-assembly is less understood than the static mechanism." https://lnkd.in/dMdgwXk View in LinkedIn