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DIGITAL BIOLOGY. "The future of biological research will be based to a great extent on the combination of computer science and synthetic biology." https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

LIFE FROM SCRATCH. "In years to come, it will be increasingly possible to create a wide variety of cells from computer-designed software of life in cell-free systems and or via a universal recipient cell. The eventual creation of cells from scratch will open up extraordinary new possibilities." https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

SYNTHETIC KINGDOM. "With our synthetic code we had added a new tributary to the river of life. The science of the coming century will be defined by our ability to create synthetic cells and to manipulate life." The new Synthetic Kingdom, or Synthetica is going to gradually emerge as more novel life forms are made by synthetic biologists. https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

NO DEFINITION. "There is still no agreed-upon definition of what we actually mean by that troublesome word “life,” let alone “synthetic life,” “artificial life,” or “life from scratch...we can define “synthetic life” as self-replicating biology based on a synthetic genome, a synthetic code-script." https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

MORE DETRACTORS. "President Obama’s Bioethics Commission agreed that our work, “though extraordinary in many ways,” and a proof of principle, did not amount to creating life, as we had used an existing natural host, an already-living cell." https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

DETRACTORS. "There were also those biologists who were absolutely certain that we had not created synthetic life at all because we had used a natural recipient cell, arguing that this term should be reserved for the creation of a living thing “from scratch.” " https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

LIFE AS I.T. "We defined the terms “synthetic life” and “synthetic cells” in a reasonably specific way, as cells completely controlled only by a synthetic DNA chromosome. The synthetic genome was the software of life, which specified every protein robot in the cell, and therefore every one of the cell’s functions. From the public response to our announcement and scientific publication, however, it was clear that some found it hard to accept the concept of life as an information system." https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

PROGRAMMING EXPLOSION. "Marc Andreessen wrote last year, “software is eating the world. Everything is becoming programmable." https://lnkd.in/e25r96z View in LinkedIn

DIGITAL DNA. "We successfully digitized biology by converting the four-letter chemical analog code (A, T, C, G) into the digital code of the computer (1s and 0s). Now we had successfully gone the other direction, starting with the digital code in the computer and re-creating the chemical information of the DNA molecule, then in turn creating living cells that, unlike any before, had no natural history." https://lnkd.in/eyZU783 View in LinkedIn

PROGRAMMABLE LIFE revolution parallels changing from an alphabet of ABC to 1/0; Craig Venter created the first synthetic cell from four bottles of inert chemicals; "we can now write the gene code for cells from scratch. This will transform almost all industries in the coming 50 years." https://m.youtube.com/watch?list=PLDADDDB6F05BF01D2&v=ZK8zo81gtH8 View in LinkedIn