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CHIRAL EVOLUTION. "The interesting evolutionary question of how a species of one chirality can give rise to another of opposite chirality." https://lnkd.in/eedbF-C View in LinkedIn

CADDISFLY LARVAE build curious cases in which they live. In those that build spiral walled tubular cases, the spiral direction is random. But those that build snail-like cases, the direction of coiling is exclusively dextral or right handed, just like snail shells. https://lnkd.in/ef-MGZ9 View in LinkedIn

DEXTRAL DOMINANCE. "Ninety percent of 70,000 species of Gastropoda shells are right-handed (dextral) in their coiling, and very few species have both right- and left-handed members. The gene NODAL controls their chirality." https://lnkd.in/eaZ3Yhm View in LinkedIn

SHELLS from species that are right spiraling (dextral) dominate the world of shell-handedness, and left spiraling in these right-dominated species occur only as rare mutations, ranging from one in hundreds to one in millions. https://lnkd.in/ewEX4X6 View in LinkedIn

FUNDAMENTAL PROCESS. "Circumnutations are absolutely growth dependent. Because circumnutation is clearly advantageous to the plant only in a small minority of cases (such as in twining plants) but is universally found in the plant kingdom, it is believed that some fundamental growth process underlies the behavior." https://lnkd.in/eNvcnv7 View in LinkedIn

CIRCUMNUTATIONS in plants, the vigorous asymmetric movements of leaves and tendrils, originally described by Charles Darwin, have fascinated biologists. The "internal oscillator" and gravity sensing controlled by genes, appear to be the drivers. https://lnkd.in/eWz-WRu View in LinkedIn

DIGITIZING PLANT GEOMETRY. Plant geometry is sufficiently complex to require sophisticated mathematical treatments merely to describe it, let alone operationalize on a season-by-season basis. https://lnkd.in/ewh8wVu View in LinkedIn

LEAF GEOMETRY. "The patterned arrangement of organs such as leaves around the shoot axis (phyllotaxy) represents another example of handedness in plants. A spiral/helical phyllotactic pattern where leaves are formed 137.5° apart predominates in nature." https://lnkd.in/eNvcnv7 View in LinkedIn

"THE HAWAIIN HIBISCUS flower is an example of a racemic species...plant species of Guttiferae, Malvaceae, and Oxalidiceae generally produce flowers with equal numbers of the two mirror image forms." https://lnkd.in/evp9VKA View in LinkedIn

"PLANT species of the families Guttiferae, Malvaceae and Oxalidaceae, however, generally develop clockwise- and anticlockwise-rotating flowers with equal frequency." https://lnkd.in/eNvcnv7 View in LinkedIn