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"PROCESSED FOODS as well as foods resulting from microbial fermentations (yogurt, cheese and other dairy products) contain significant amounts of D-amino acids. D-serine is also present in the mammalian brain where it appears to be produced by an L-serine racemase." https://lnkd.in/eMbE2Rk View in LinkedIn

"FMT has been used experimentally to treat clostridium difficile infection...colitis, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's." https://lnkd.in/e4DWYcp View in LinkedIn

FECAL BIOTHERAPY. "A fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transplantation of fecal bacteria from a healthy individual into a recipient. FMT involves restoration of the colonic microflora by introducing healthy bacterial flora." https://lnkd.in/e4DWYcp View in LinkedIn

OBESITY BIOME NOT DIVERSE. "The gut microbiota of obese humans are less diverse than their lean twins, consistent with the hypothesis that lower diversity may affect eating behavior and satiety." https://lnkd.in/eknVNSM View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT IN NATURE this weekend is focused on a radical new opportunity in medicine that has the potential to rock the boat. Fecal transplants to restore unbalanced gut microbiota are being performed worldwide in an experimental basis. This fits with personalized medicine, and with the trend towards cellular therapies (stem cells, phage therapy). It is a (revived) outcome of the Human Microbiome Project. View in LinkedIn

D-ENZYMES. "When Sir Hans Krebs accidentally discovered an enzyme from kidney that recognized ‘non-natural’ D-amino acids (but not their L-counterparts), it was not clear why nature would have created such an enzyme." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

WHY IS THE UNNATURAL AMINO ACID IN BRAIN? "What about the metabolism of d-serine made in the brain? Here, the d-serine is produced mainly or exclusively in the cytosolic matrix of astroglia, which occur in close vicinity to NMDA receptors in the synapse-rich grey matter." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

HEPATIC SOURCE? "D-Serine is also found in the serum, and the likely source for this D-serine is hepatic, because liver is the only other tissue besides brain that expresses appreciable levels of serine racemase." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL SIMILARITY. "Mammalian serine racemase most closely resembles prokaryotic serine and threonine dehydratases...one cannot put a very precise date on when d-serine synthesis arose in eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn

CONVERGENT EVOLUTION. "The cytosolic serine racemase of mammals...is likely to be an example of convergent evolution: it catalyses a reaction similar to the alanine racemase in bacteria, but this activity has evolved independently via a separate protein lineage, and probably emerged long after the divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/etGHsGm View in LinkedIn