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PLANT MICROORGANISM DEFENSE RESPONSES. "Defense responses include suicide of the attacked host cell (the so-called hypersensitive response); the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (called phytoalexins); the production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, of which many exert antimicrobial properties; and the production and oxidative cross-linking of cell wall polymers." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn

INTERNAL FIRE ALARM. "Systemic regions can be either primed or induced to express defense responses depending apparently on the cost of the defense and the intensity of the signal." https://lnkd.in/eabgX9e View in LinkedIn

INTERNAL FIRE ALARM. "In the case of internal wound signals within a plant, information is most likely carried by signaling molecules transported through phloem and xylem from the site of localized attack to systemic undamaged regions." https://lnkd.in/eabgX9e View in LinkedIn

AMPLIFICATION. "Secondary signal molecules thus serve to amplify and spread the response of the host after initial recognition of the pathogen." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn

AMPLIFICATION. "Induction of some defense genes requires the generation of secondary endogenous signal molecules (stress hormones) by the challenged cells in the infection site. The secondary signal molecules in turn set in motion signal transduction cascades in receiving cells, eventually leading to activation of pathogen-responsive genes." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn

JASMONATE (JA) SUPPRESSION. "Upon infection of tomato, they release β-(1,3)-(1,6) glucan, an exopolysaccharide, that activates the SA–NPR1 pathway, but simultaneously suppresses the JA pathway required for acquiring the host resistance." https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

JASMONATE (JA) SUPPRESSION. "Necrotrophic pathogens, such as B. cinerea, have evolved strategies to overcome the host defence system by negotiating the SA–JA cross-talk." https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

PRIORITIZED DEFENSES. "Plants survive in response to interactions between multiple attackers by prioritizing a specific signalling pathway and rewiring the hormone signalling network." Not a trivial undertaking. https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

PLANT JASMONATE. "Mechanical damage results in large increases (~25 fold) in JA and JA-Ila accumulation within 5 minutes of tissue injury." This remarkable response is testament to a sentient defense system. https://lnkd.in/eKj_2Vj View in LinkedIn

PLANTS SMELL PARASITES. "Each pathogen produces a particular mixture of elicitors, which are sometimes accompanied by suppressors, and these molecules interact with receptors on the host cells that further translate the primary signal into particular events in the plasma membrane, the cytosol, and/or the nucleus." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn