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SIMULTANEOUS AND INSEPARABLE. "A complex understanding of life means the inseparability of the different parts, levels and scales of a living system. The interaction between the different levels, scales and parts is nonlinear, in other words, non-sequential." https://lnkd.in/e3j9PFZ View in LinkedIn

MUTATIONS OF ATP SYNTHASE. "The majority of mutations in the ATP synthase that are associated with disease are located in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene, which encodes subunit-a. This is likely reflective of the importance of subunit-a in the proton translocation." https://lnkd.in/ed8KNUV View in LinkedIn

NEW AREA. "In fact, nonequilibrium quantum phase transitions are much less known in comparison to the same phenomena in the macroscopic scale." https://lnkd.in/e3j9PFZ View in LinkedIn

MUTATIONS of ATP synthase causing human diseases. "The mitochondrial genome of humans encodes 2 subunits of the mitochondrial ATP synthase – subunits a and 8, with the remaining being encoded in the nucleus." https://lnkd.in/ed8KNUV View in LinkedIn

"AT THE MACROSCOPIC SCALE, living systems are thermodynamically open and far-from-equilibrium systems...if and how nonequilibrum – both a characteristic of the living systems, and one of the sciences of complexity –, can adequately be seen also in quantum phase transitions." https://lnkd.in/e3j9PFZ View in LinkedIn

MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES. "Mutations in the human mitochondrial ATP6 gene encoding ATP synthase subunit a/6...are at the base of neurodegenerative disorders like Neurogenic Ataxia and Retinitis Pigmentosa (NARP), Leigh syndrome (LS), Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT), and ataxia telangiectasia." https://lnkd.in/eEEix9C View in LinkedIn

"DISORDERS of ATP synthase, the key enzyme of mitochondrial energy provision belong to the most severe metabolic diseases presenting as early-onset mitochondrial encephalo-cardiomyopathies." https://lnkd.in/eZHP7Rc View in LinkedIn

SEVERE CHILDHOOD DISEASES. "Many of these disorders affect mitochondrial ATP synthase...Defects in the structure or assembly of this crucial enzyme result in severe diseases that manifest primarily in children, often shortly after birth." https://lnkd.in/enMre4A View in LinkedIn

WIDE PRESENTATION. "Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a host of diseases with a wide range of symptoms and molecular phenotypes, which present significant challenges to diagnosis, let alone treatment." https://lnkd.in/enMre4A View in LinkedIn

HYBRID GENETICS. "Numerous nuclear and mtDNA mutations have been identified in affected patients to cause combined defects as well as isolated disorders of individual oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, including mitochondrial ATP synthase." https://lnkd.in/e9Dm5NA View in LinkedIn