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DENGUE VIRUS infects some 50-100 million people annually in Southeast Asia, South America and parts of the United States. In 1998, a pandemic of dengue resulted in 1.2 million cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in 56 countries." Actual fatality 1-4%. https://lnkd.in/eGjnM8R View in LinkedIn

HUBRIS. We forever completely under-estimate the sheer scale of nature's originality. https://lnkd.in/eAvD9w4 View in LinkedIn

HUBRIS. We forever completely under-estimate the sheer scale of nature's originality. https://lnkd.in/eAvD9w4 View in LinkedIn

"RNA SILENCING DEFICIENT MUTANTS show enhanced expression of transposons. Transposons could trigger RNA silencing for two possible reasons: they often have multiple inverted repeats (IRs) that form dsRNA transcripts, and their high copy number could trigger silencing." https://lnkd.in/e_PqVyJ View in LinkedIn

NEW THINKING. "The idea has always been that defective viruses are either meaningless or detrimental...We have found the opposite of that — that the defective virus is actually helping the normal, functional virus." https://lnkd.in/eAvD9w4 View in LinkedIn

ANTI-VIRAL PACKAGE. "The natural functions of RNAi and its related processes seem to be protection of the genome against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as viruses and transposons as well as orchestrated functioning of the developmental programs of eukaryotic organisms." https://lnkd.in/eity6gi View in LinkedIn

DEFECTIVE VIRUS. "From a virologic standpoint it is noninfectious material of no consequence, and from an immunologic standpoint it is the by-product of a viral mechanism to stay one step ahead of the cellular and humoral responses." https://lnkd.in/egPav5U View in LinkedIn

DOUBLE WHAMMY. "Viruses produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during reproduction, which can trigger the silencing of viral RNA. RNA silencing can also be triggered by a sufficiently high expression of transgenes, a mechanism known as co-suppression or transgene induced silencing. The activation of transgene induced RNA silencing is directly linked to the activity of RNA directed RNA polymerase (RDR)." https://lnkd.in/e_PqVyJ View in LinkedIn

"DEFECTIVE VIRUSES, thought for decades to be essentially garbage unrelated to the transmission of normal viruses, now appear able to play an important role in the spread of disease." Few things in nature, it seems repeatedly, actually turn out to be garbage. https://lnkd.in/eAvD9w4 View in LinkedIn

NATURE's VITAL VACCINE. "RNA silencing protects the eukaryotic cell against viruses and transposons." https://lnkd.in/e_PqVyJ View in LinkedIn