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BIOINFORMATION DEFINED. "50 years ago Claude Shannon defined information as a decrease in the uncertainty of a receiver. For molecular systems, uncertainty is closely related to entropy and hence has clear connections to the Second Law of Thermodynamics." https://lnkd.in/eqY6kcy View in LinkedIn

THE BIG QUESTION. "How do genetic systems gain information by evolutionary processes?" https://lnkd.in/eqY6kcy View in LinkedIn

STABLE STRUCTURES. "Chemical structures with particularly high stability, maintained by continual dissipation, are designated, somewhat arbitrarily, as living systems." https://lnkd.in/e-VqAeg View in LinkedIn

TRANSPOSONS. "Transposable elements (TEs), also known as "jumping genes," are DNA sequences that move from one location on the genome to another. These elements were first identified more than 50 years ago by geneticist Barbara McClintock of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York. Biologists were initially skeptical of McClintock's discovery." https://lnkd.in/GEpmJN View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURING. "The second law of thermodynamics accounts for irreversible processes in the universe. As a statement about increasing disorder, it also plays a central role in creating order. Structuring is a way to increase the rate of dissipation of matter and energy. This is the reason why chemical reactions on earth have produced a profusion of structures." https://lnkd.in/e-VqAeg View in LinkedIn

PERSONALIZED VIOME. "The era of personalized vaccination and immunotherapy may be before us, but there is much to learn about viral immunity. Future studies need to specifically focus on defining the mechanistic details of the disease and immunologic imprint of responses to our virome, so that we can distinguish friend from foe and intervene appropriately." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

NANOSCALE PHASE CHANGE MEMORY MATERIALS. "Phase change memory materials store information through their reversible transitions between crystalline and amorphous states." Programmable materials are all about the storage of information in inert molecules and making them do orderly work. https://lnkd.in/ejHv_xs View in LinkedIn

IMMUNE GUIDES. "We argue that infections that are generally considered harmless or unimportant play a role in shaping the normal immune response, at the cost of inducing disease in rare individuals with highly specific alterations in immune system genes." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURE AS INFORMATION. "A number of models have viewed the microtubule lattice as something like a computational matrix in which the states of individual tubules represented fundamental units of information (e.g., like binary 'bits' in a computer)." https://lnkd.in/ea7fXXu View in LinkedIn

LIMITED HARM. "Given that chronic virus infections may be harmful in only a limited number of genetically predisposed persons or may even be symbiotic, the costs versus benefits of eliminating chronic viruses must be carefully considered." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn