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PHAGE DISCOVERY. "Viruses that attack bacteria were observed by Twort and d'Herelle in 1915 and 1917. They observed that broth cultures of certain intestinal bacteria could be dissolved by addition of a bacteria-free filtrate obtained from sewage. The lysis of the bacterial cells was said to be brought about by a virus which meant a "filterable poison" ("virus" is Latin for "poison")." https://lnkd.in/eBxpUF7 View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL LEAPS. "A growing number of scientists do say that neo-Darwinian evolution doesn’t explain certain jumps in biological complexity: from single-celled to multicellular organisms, from single organisms to entire communities." https://lnkd.in/ezFxqyc View in LinkedIn

MARIPOSA. "Complex systems exist on the ‘edge of chaos'. They might show regular and predictable behaviour, but they can undergo sudden massive and stochastic changes in response to what seem like minor modifications. The metaphor of the ‘butterfly effect'—whereby a single butterfly beating its wings can cause a storm—describes, for example, the dependence of a complex system on its initial conditions." https://lnkd.in/eMxMq5U View in LinkedIn

HEISENBURGISM. "Many interesting and relevant ecological phenomena cannot be replicated in laboratory conditions, and thus cannot be measured or observed without influencing and changing the system in some way. He also points to the importance of interconnectedness in biological systems." (Sven Erik Jorgensen, an ecologist). https://lnkd.in/eQdwnM9 View in LinkedIn

REDUCTIONISM. "As the writer Alvin Toffler so succinctly described, "One of the most highly developed skills in contemporary Western civilization is dissection: the split-up of problems into their smallest possible components. We are good at it. So good, we often forget to put the pieces together again." https://lnkd.in/ecSgRXK View in LinkedIn

ALL ABOUT INFORMATION. "We define biological complexity as the genetic information that an organism has about its environment." https://lnkd.in/ejhFeVa View in LinkedIn

"COMPLEXITY is the study of the behaviour of large collections of simple, interacting units, endowed with the potential to evolve with time." https://lnkd.in/ecSgRXK View in LinkedIn

STARTLING FACT. "The human body carries out ~10,000 billion cell divisions in a lifetime." Each single division highly regulated by temporally variable constellations of vast numbers of genes. http://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2014/06/retroviruses-the-placenta-and-the-genomic-junk-drawer.html View in LinkedIn

INCOMPLETE HUMAN INTERACTOME. "Despite the clear value of having cell-type specific interactomes, so far no efforts have been launched to generate such a resource. Therefore, it remains unclear what the variations in the interactions of a given protein or functional module will be across different cell types and what this will tell us about the size of the human interactome." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443914001562 View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE BEASTIES. "Several methods have aimed to calculate the total amount of interactions in an organism, which would help to estimate the coverage of the current data sets. In yeast different groups have arrived at estimates from 20,000 to 40,000 interactions among 6000 proteins." https://lnkd.in/ehe9rFY View in LinkedIn