Category: Uncategorized

QUASI-SPECIES. "An RNA virus population does not consist of a single genotype; rather, it is an ensemble of related sequences, termed quasispecies. Quasispecies arise from rapid genomic evolution powered by the high mutation rate of RNA viral replication." https://lnkd.in/eb_myZ8 View in LinkedIn

SURPRISE FINDING. "The mitochondrial genome specifies a miniscule but essential portion of the mitochondrial proteome, ranging from a low of 3 proteins of defined function in apicomplexans such as Plasmodium to a high of 66 in the excavate Andalucia godoyi, a member of the core jakobids." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

BUTTERFLY SPECIES. "Genome analysis suggests that the two species are swapping genes at a surprising rate. But each species has genome segments unique to its own kind, which seem to persist despite the mixing of the rest of the genome. Scientists have dubbed such regions of the genome “islands of speciation.” https://lnkd.in/eKBjZs5 View in LinkedIn

RETAILORING PROCESS. "However, the mitochondrial proteome, most of which is nucleus-encoded, tells another, murkier story. It was expected that many mitochondrial proteins would not have obvious bacterial homologs because they would have emerged specifically within eukaryotes, as part of the endosymbiont-to-organelle retailoring process." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

GENOME SEQUENCING. "The results — from studies of crows, butterflies, mosquitoes, fish and other organisms — suggest that the concept of species is even more muddled than we thought, and that genetic changes don’t always align with more visible ones, such as appearance. In some cases, species have big morphological and behavioral changes with only a few genetic changes, and in other cases, there is lots of genetic change with few visible results." https://lnkd.in/eKBjZs5 View in LinkedIn

TAMED AND REWORKED ENDOSYMBIONT. "That the mitochondrial genome is of bacterial (specifically α-proteobacterial) origin is now indisputable." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

"HYBRID OFFSPRING are typically infertile or inviable. Unable to thrive or propagate, they help preserve the differentiation of the species, however unwillingly, unwittingly, or inadvertently." https://lnkd.in/eh4dCsa View in LinkedIn

GENE AMPLIFICATION. "A surprising result of phylogenetic analyses is the relatively small proportion (10–20%) of the mitochondrial proteome displaying a clear α-proteobacterial ancestry. A large fraction of mitochondrial proteins typically has detectable homologs only in other eukaryotes and is presumed to represent proteins that emerged specifically within eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

NUCLEAR HEADQUARTERS. "Reflecting its symbiotic origin, most of the proto-mitochondrion bacterial genome was transferred to the eukaryotic chromosomes so that it now encodes only a small subset of proteins and RNAs necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. The vast majority of the mitochondrial proteome (~ 1500 proteins) are nuclear-encoded and require translocation into the mitochondrion through specific mechanisms." https://lnkd.in/e533NK2 View in LinkedIn

BACTERIAL ROLE IN GREAT LEAP FORWARD. "Although the evolutionary details of the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition are still incompletely resolved, the crucial role that mitochondria played in that transition is becoming increasingly evident." The mitochondrion was of ancient bacterial origin. http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/4/4/466.full View in LinkedIn