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ADVANTAGES OF SPECIES BARRIERS? Natural selection can increase reproductive isolation (the Wallace Effect). Allopatric selection from adaptive divergence also leads to an increase in speciation. The production of viable offspring is the key driver in nature. Differences in molecular construction and compatibility can lead to sterility or in viable offspring. Perhaps it is all just an accident of molecular incompatibility, just like sexual organ incompatibility can cause a barrier, rather than a competitive advantage. View in LinkedIn

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QUASI-SPECIES. "An RNA virus population does not consist of a single genotype; rather, it is an ensemble of related sequences, termed quasispecies. Quasispecies arise from rapid genomic evolution powered by the high mutation rate of RNA viral replication." https://lnkd.in/eb_myZ8 View in LinkedIn

SURPRISE FINDING. "The mitochondrial genome specifies a miniscule but essential portion of the mitochondrial proteome, ranging from a low of 3 proteins of defined function in apicomplexans such as Plasmodium to a high of 66 in the excavate Andalucia godoyi, a member of the core jakobids." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

BUTTERFLY SPECIES. "Genome analysis suggests that the two species are swapping genes at a surprising rate. But each species has genome segments unique to its own kind, which seem to persist despite the mixing of the rest of the genome. Scientists have dubbed such regions of the genome “islands of speciation.” https://lnkd.in/eKBjZs5 View in LinkedIn

RETAILORING PROCESS. "However, the mitochondrial proteome, most of which is nucleus-encoded, tells another, murkier story. It was expected that many mitochondrial proteins would not have obvious bacterial homologs because they would have emerged specifically within eukaryotes, as part of the endosymbiont-to-organelle retailoring process." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

GENOME SEQUENCING. "The results — from studies of crows, butterflies, mosquitoes, fish and other organisms — suggest that the concept of species is even more muddled than we thought, and that genetic changes don’t always align with more visible ones, such as appearance. In some cases, species have big morphological and behavioral changes with only a few genetic changes, and in other cases, there is lots of genetic change with few visible results." https://lnkd.in/eKBjZs5 View in LinkedIn

TAMED AND REWORKED ENDOSYMBIONT. "That the mitochondrial genome is of bacterial (specifically α-proteobacterial) origin is now indisputable." https://lnkd.in/e8CjRNK View in LinkedIn

"HYBRID OFFSPRING are typically infertile or inviable. Unable to thrive or propagate, they help preserve the differentiation of the species, however unwillingly, unwittingly, or inadvertently." https://lnkd.in/eh4dCsa View in LinkedIn

FAMILY OF PLANT PLASTIDS. "In plants, the chloroplast is only one of a number of plastids that include proplastids, etioplasts, chromplasts, leucoplasts, amyloplasts, elaioplasts, proteinoplast or aleuronoplasts and gerontoplasts. These plastids display different morphologies, perform specialized functions and store various biochemical compounds during plant development. Under certain conditions, plastid types can interconvert." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488912002844 View in LinkedIn