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DNA POLYMERASE plus proofreading with 1 error in 10(7) base pairs; plus mismatch repair (MMR) is 1 error in 10(9) base pairs; and with 6 X 10(9) base pairs per human genome this means only ~6 errors in the genome. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE PROOFREADING at 1 error per 10(7) base pairs. With 6 X 10(9) base pairs in the human genome this still means 600 errors. https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

DNA POLYMERASE copies DNA with an error rate in copying of only 1 error per 10(5) base pairs. But the human genome has 6 X 10(9) base pairs. Thus equivalent to 60,000 errors per genome. How does the cell remedy this lopsided equation? https://lnkd.in/eDr47d6 View in LinkedIn

INTEGRITY OF INHERITANCE. "A fundamental aspect of life lies in maintaining the integrity of the genome, ensuring the correct inheritance of the genetic information." https://lnkd.in/eNytTdX View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED IN EVOLUTION. "Eukaryotes replicate their DNA with remarkable accuracy. This accuracy is achieved through a network of conserved pathways that repair DNA damage and correct DNA polymerase errors." https://lnkd.in/ewJXZkd View in LinkedIn

REPLICATION FIDELITY. "The integrity of the human genome depends on numerous processes that determine the fidelity of DNA replication." https://lnkd.in/euw7dRD View in LinkedIn

PROTEIN BLUEPRINT. "DNA serves as a stable information storage medium and every protein which is needed by the cell is produced from this blueprint via an RNA intermediate code." https://lnkd.in/eJg7ubh View in LinkedIn

CELL CYCLE ORDER. "This is accomplished by delaying the entry into the next phase until the risk factors (such as DNA damage in G1/S/G2 phase, spindle abnormality prior to anaphase, etc.) are removed. Another important function of cell cycle checkpoint is to effectively trigger some processes (e.g. apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, and senescence) to eliminate the severely damaged or high risk cells from the dividing pool." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1535610803000278 View in LinkedIn

DNA PACKAGING into chromosomes, the next step. Another brilliant animation. https://lnkd.in/efNVEqJ View in LinkedIn

CYCLE ORDERLINESS. "Because the cell division is conducted in an orderly manner, the progression of the cell cycle is highly coordinated. Premature entry of a cell into the next cell cycle phase would result in significant propensity for genomic alterations. Cell cycle checkpoints are built to ensure that progression from one phase to the next is under a condition of minimum risk of genomic alteration." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1535610803000278 View in LinkedIn