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DNA REPLICATION ANIMATION. Complexity reduced to beauty. A picture animation is worth a thousand words. A must-see. Show your children. https://lnkd.in/ez8JfGr View in LinkedIn

THE GATEKEEPERS. "The majority of DNA synthesis performed in a human cell is replication of the six billion nucleotide nuclear genome. The bulk of this polymerization is likely to be catalyzed by DNA polymerases δ, DNA polymerase ε, or both." https://lnkd.in/euw7dRD View in LinkedIn

TWO LIFE STRATEGIES. "We have extensive mechanisms to proof-read our DNA and keep out errors. Viruses skip this and accumulate errors at a high rate. Some viral errors mean that they cannot complete their life cycle. These are called defective viruses." https://lnkd.in/eV3d7kz View in LinkedIn

CONSTANT INSTABILITY THREATS. "Throughout the cell cycle, the genome encounters various forms of spontaneous and induced DNA damages." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

HIGH FIDELITY VS DIVERSITY. Two opposing pressures in nature are, on the one hand, the need for high fidelity replication of the DNA in multicellular animals with slow reproductive rates. On the other hand is the profound drive in rapidly reproducing viruses for instance, for enormous genetic diversity and mutation to rapidly adapt to new niches. View in LinkedIn

MITOSIS. "Once the DNA and chromosomes are duplicated in S-phase, the next critical phase in cell division susceptible to genomic instability is mitosis. During mitosis, the sister chromatids are equally distributed in the daughter cells." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

SINGULAR EVENT. "In the S-phase, the entire genomic DNA is accurately duplicated once and only once per cell cycle. Any tendency for errors in this process would constitute genomic instability." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

NEXTGEN. "The ultimate goal of cell division for most non-cancerous somatic cells is to accurately duplicate the genome and then evenly divide the duplicated genome into the two daughter cells. This ensures that the daughter cells will have exactly the same genetic material as their parent cell." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

FIDELITY MEASURES. "During a cell division, genomic instability is minimized by four major mechanisms: high-fidelity DNA replication in S-phase, precise chromosome segregation in mitosis, error free repair of sporadic DNA damage, and a coordinated cell cycle progression." https://lnkd.in/bam9PGn View in LinkedIn

SOPHISTICATED DNA REPAIR SYSTEMS. "Joining two duplexes with double-strand (DS) breaks at their ends is today called ‘non-homologous end joining’ (NHEJ), and cells have various biochemical systems for carrying it out. NHEJ is but one of a series of biochemical systems that have evolved to protect genomes from many kinds of physical and chemical damage. The partial list...gives an idea of how extensive and sophisticated the physiology of DNA damage repair has evolved to be." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/jphysiol.2014.271130/full View in LinkedIn