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CURATED PROTEINS. "Now, there are almost 8 million sequences in a nonredundant (NR) database of protein sequences, including the complete genomes of ≈1,800 different species. This large body of data is doubling in size every 28 months." https://lnkd.in/evmEhB5 View in LinkedIn

ASSUMPTIONS. "Two assumptions are generally made when considering the molecular evolution of functional proteins during the history of life on Earth. Firstly, the size of protein sequence space, i.e., the number of possible amino acid sequences, is astronomically large and, secondly, that only an infinitesimally small portion has been explored during the course of life on Earth." https://lnkd.in/eyPrQUq View in LinkedIn

ANSWER: "It's fairly safe to assume that biodiversity can serve as a reliable proxy for protein levels, since abiotic processes that produce proteins are very rare (only happens in submarine hydrothermal vents, if anywhere). If the assumption holds, then the number of proteins has been increasing since the appearance of life 4 - 3.9 billion years ago, experiencing a huge jump 2.3 - 2 Ga with the development of photosynthesis and in the Great Oxidation Event, both of which led directly to an increase in the complexity of life." https://lnkd.in/e25WaJr View in LinkedIn

QUESTION: "How has the total number of proteins on Earth changed over the last few billion years, and how will it change in the future?" https://lnkd.in/e25WaJr View in LinkedIn

TOTAL PROTEINS ON EARTH. "The protein universe, the totality of all proteins in all organisms on earth, is vast. Taking the estimated 13.6 million species of living organisms on Earth, which is very likely to be an underestimate, into account, there are >10(10) to 10(12) different proteins in all organisms from the three domains of life (Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea) on Earth. However, this vast number of proteins are predicted to consist of only ≈10(5) sequence domain families, the members of each family having similar amino acid sequences." https://lnkd.in/eNZCgi2 View in LinkedIn

RUBISCO CONTENDER. "The Rubisco protein...is responsible for atmospheric carbon fixation, literally building the biosphere out of thin air. This molecule, one of the most abundant proteins on Earth, is responsible for extracting about a hundred Gigatons of carbon from the atmosphere each year. This is ≈10 times more than all the carbon dioxide emissions made by humanity from car tailpipes, jet engines, power plants and all of our other fossil-fuel-driven technologies." http://book.bionumbers.org/how-big-is-the-average-protein/ View in LinkedIn

COLLAGEN CONTENDER. "These numbers point out that collagen should displace Rubisco as the titleholder for the most abundant protein on earth." https://lnkd.in/e9f92vG View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANT E. COLI PROTEINS. "Looking at a comparative functional view of protein abundance across several cell types the proteins of glycolysis are the dominant fraction in the budding yeast (about a quarter of the proteome in rich medium). Structural proteins can also be highly abundant. FimA is the major subunit of the 100-300 fimbria (pili) of E. coli used by sessile bacteria in the transition to stationary phase." https://lnkd.in/e9f92vG View in LinkedIn

FRONT-RUNNER. "The most abundant protein found in this particular survey of E. coli is RplL, a ribosomal protein (estimated at ≈110,000 copies per cell, which exists in 4 copies per ribosome in contrast to other ribosomal proteins which have one copy per ribosome) and TufB (the elongation factor also known as EF-TU, estimated at ≈90,000 copies per cell). The next most abundant reported proteins are a component of the chaperone system Gro-EL-Gro-ES necessary for proper folding of many proteins and GapA, a key enzyme in glycolysis." https://lnkd.in/e9f92vG View in LinkedIn

VIRAL GENOME EDITING AS EVOLUTIONARY DRIVERS. "These competences integrate the whole toolbox of natural genetic engineering, replication, transcription, translation, genomic imprinting, genomic creativity, enzymatic inventions and all types of genetic repair patterns." https://lnkd.in/e-pJFM6 View in LinkedIn