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NON-CODING REPETITIVE DNA SEQUENCES. "While bacterial genomes almost lack such repetitive elements, there is a ten-fold increase of such segments in the genome of the eukaryotic yeast cells; in the case of the fruit fly Drosophila, the repetitive elements already amount to 10%, while in humans they reach 97%. These formatting, repetitive elements are a prerequisite for the decisive DNA-editing processes such as expression, replication, repair and recombination." https://lnkd.in/e-pJFM6 View in LinkedIn

MINORITY CODING SEQUENCES. "Within the human genome sequences are only 3% coding for proteins and 97% non-coding ones. But these 3% of the protein-coding sequences match with those of the mouse by up to 99%. Highly developed genomes among mammals contain a nearly identical protein-coding vocabulary." https://lnkd.in/e-pJFM6 View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING DNA. "For decades, non-coding regions of the genome have been ignored or declared as ‘‘junk’’-DNA. Over the past decade, however, scientists have realized that these regions incorporate decisive higher-order regulatory functions." https://lnkd.in/e-pJFM6 View in LinkedIn

EVOLUTION WITHOUT GENE MUTATION. "Significant evolutionary modifications can occur by changing the repetitive elements that format the genome architecture rather than, as has been widely assumed so far, by altering protein-coding sequences. This implies that changes in the regulatory framework may lead to new complex phenotypes without even requiring a modification of the coding sequences." https://lnkd.in/e-pJFM6 View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS two weekends on the beautiful earthworm. This prolific creature plays a critical role in the generation of healthy complex soils. They were generally felt insignificant for agriculture a few decades ago, but research has supported a view of their critical role in healthy soils. Our modern farming methods, including deep tilling and the heavy use of chemicals is killing these critical creatures. Like many adverse effects, these are reversible. https://lnkd.in/eAqFNYN View in LinkedIn

RICH SOIL GENE POOL. "This indicates that the metagenomes from the two micro-ecosystem samples sequenced here are more than 30-fold larger than the human genome, and more than 20 000-fold that of an average bacterial genome. Given one gene per kb, our data indicate that there are about 100 million genes in the soil metagenome." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jam.12035/full View in LinkedIn

SOIL METAGENOME. "Together with the direct estimate of a combined metagenome sizes at about 100 billion base pairs, these data support large soil metagenome sizes with a low content of eukaryotic species (

EARTHWORM MICROBIOME. "We have described how the earthworm microbiome is distinct from the surrounding soil microbial community. Notably, the L. rubellus microbiome is dominated by Proteobacteria (~50%) and Actinobacteria (~30%). Bacteroidetes (~6%), Acidobacteria (~3%), Firmicutes, Chloroflexi and Cyanobacteria also appear regularly at lower abundance levels." https://lnkd.in/eVE-4GB View in LinkedIn

COMPREHENSIVE EARTHWORM MICROBIOME. "The augmentation with some groups of bacteria, which occurred upon transit through the gut...The ratio of microbes capable of growth under obligatory anaerobic conditions to those capable of growth aerobically was higher in the worm intestine than in the soil...bacterial communities of studied substrata (soil and compost) were significantly modified passing through the gut of earthworms." https://lnkd.in/ekT4s-F View in LinkedIn

EARTHWORM PRIMING CARBON. "Levels of organic carbon are higher in the gut than the surrounding soil due to the secretion of intestinal mucus producing a ‘priming’ effect. This can stimulate significantly an increase in the abundance of methanogenic, fermentative, and nitrate-reducing bacteria." https://lnkd.in/eVE-4GB View in LinkedIn