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"INCREASING COMPLEXITY and diversity are caused by genetic innovations, new combinatorial patterns of genetic content, non-coding regulatory networks and modifications of the genomic architecture. Interestingly, increasing eukaryotic complexity correlates with expansion of non-coding DNA." https://lnkd.in/eJG-UVH View in LinkedIn

REPETITIVE REGULATORS. "What was formerly described as “junk” DNA has genetic functions that are not controlled by enzyme proteins, but rather by repetitive elements in the introns of DNA which encode for the manifold forms of micro-RNAs." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

INVERSE RELATIONSHIP. "DNA regions which code for proteins are decreasing with organismic complexity (in humans 1.5%) and former “junk DNA” plays increasing important roles in gene regulation." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

PERMANENT HOST COLONIES. "There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a nonlytic but persistent lifestyle." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REGULATORY ELEMENTS. "If we imagine that humans and one of the simplest animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, share a nearly equal number of genes (ca. 20,000) it becomes obvious that the elements that create the enormous diversity are not the protein-coding genes but their higher order regulatory network that is processed by the mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and retroposons and the noncoding RNAs" (or viral derived elements). https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

PERMANENT HOST COLONIES. "There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a nonlytic but persistent lifestyle." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

METACODE. "But it is not proteins that create the genome ratio of new eukaryotic texts, but rather a MetaCode which encodes numerous RNAs, among them active micro-RNAs, and is able to generate new genetic datasets. It enables the conduction of structural changes as basic prerequisite of the evolution of diversity in the eukaryotic superkingdom." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

HIDDEN CODE. "My thesis here is the existence of an innovation code (text-generating code, evolution code) (is) hidden in the non-coding DNA. My assumption that this innovation code codes for enzyme proteins competent in text-processing, proteins that generate the new genetic texts for new organisms may prove to be present in the early DNA-world of simple organisms." Formerly "junk DNA" contains important coding information. https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

Q: "Why is there no correlation between the complexity of organisms and the number of protein-coding genes, yet a correlation between complexity and the proportion of non-coding DNA?" https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

MICRO-RNAs FINE TUNE. "Instead, these small single-stranded RNA molecules serve to fine-tune gene expression overall, by modestly modulating the expression of entire sets of genes, thus essentially serving as gene expression buffers." https://lnkd.in/efHkz7K View in LinkedIn