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VITAL MINORITY. "The genetic code now also codes for proteins and the protein enzymes form the protein bodies, which we know as cells, cellular parts that organize metabolism, tissues, organs and organisms, all of which we term life from the most primitive last universal common ancestor to human beings. The percentage of coding for such proteins in the human 3 billion base pairs is only 1.5%, however." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

TISSUE-SPECIFIC. "There are currently over 2,500 human mature microRNAs documented in miRbase; yet not all these are significant to every tissue. Analysis of the microRNA expression levels serves as a simple method to help identify those that are important. Different organs within the human body exhibit diverse miRNomes composed of sets of microRNAs which are more-or-less tissue-specific." https://lnkd.in/efHkz7K View in LinkedIn

SYMBIOTIC VIRAL VESTIGE. "It was assumed that this “junk DNA” is a kind of selfish genetic element, with an inherent tendency to replicate themselves, in contrast with its helpful and symbiotic functions within host genomes." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REPETITIVE REGULATORS. "What was formerly described as “junk” DNA has genetic functions that are not controlled by enzyme proteins, but rather by repetitive elements in the introns of DNA which encode for the manifold forms of micro-RNAs." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

"INCREASING COMPLEXITY and diversity are caused by genetic innovations, new combinatorial patterns of genetic content, non-coding regulatory networks and modifications of the genomic architecture. Interestingly, increasing eukaryotic complexity correlates with expansion of non-coding DNA." https://lnkd.in/eJG-UVH View in LinkedIn

REPETITIVE REGULATORS. "What was formerly described as “junk” DNA has genetic functions that are not controlled by enzyme proteins, but rather by repetitive elements in the introns of DNA which encode for the manifold forms of micro-RNAs." https://lnkd.in/eDswHmC View in LinkedIn

INVERSE RELATIONSHIP. "DNA regions which code for proteins are decreasing with organismic complexity (in humans 1.5%) and former “junk DNA” plays increasing important roles in gene regulation." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

PERMANENT HOST COLONIES. "There is increasing evidence that all cellular life is colonized by exogenous and/or endogenous viruses in a nonlytic but persistent lifestyle." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REGULATORY ELEMENTS. "If we imagine that humans and one of the simplest animals, Caenorhabditis elegans, share a nearly equal number of genes (ca. 20,000) it becomes obvious that the elements that create the enormous diversity are not the protein-coding genes but their higher order regulatory network that is processed by the mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and retroposons and the noncoding RNAs" (or viral derived elements). https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REGULATORS AND DISEASE. "Micro-RNAs are acknowledged as key regulators of gene expression. This means that dysfunctions of these regulatory mechanisms may lead to dysregulated genes with a cascade of disease-causing consequences." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn