Category: Uncategorized

SMALL FRACTION. "About 2% of the human genome is transcribed into mature protein-coding RNAs, while the large majority, between 70%–90%, is transcribed into non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs include several types of RNA, exemplified by transfer RNAs (tRNAs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), with very well defined function in many cellular processes." https://lnkd.in/ef6MAfH View in LinkedIn

HALF OUR DNA IS VIRAL. "About 8% of the human genome originates from retroviruses and if we measure viral products, almost half the human DNA is viral. A symbiosis of this sort may have led to development of the placenta, and certain key promoters, enhancers and silencers of genes owe their origin to these viruses." Worth repeating endlessly. https://lnkd.in/eZu6_fe View in LinkedIn

VIRAL MOBILE ELEMENTS. "Noncoding RNAs are similar to all kinds of mobile genetic elements such as LTRs, non- LTRs, SINEs, LINEs, snoRNAs, and snR- NAs, all of persistent viral origin." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

NOVELTY BY GENOME EDITING. "After a duplication, when a copy is usually released from selective pressure, there might be rapid changes that either lead to gene inactivation or, in rarer cases, exaptation into a new or variant function. However, this concept does not explain generative competences for evolutionary novelty in terms of genome editing." There is no evolution without infection. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12570/abstract View in LinkedIn

REPETITIVE INTRONS OF JUNK DNA. "Nearly all genetic and genome editing processes involve RNAs, which in most cases function as a network. Most of the functions are performed, conducted, and regulated by noncoding RNAs, which are encoded in intronic DNA in most cases with repetitive syntax." (Junk used with irony). https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

DNA IS DYNAMIC. "Some decades ago, it became obvious that DNA is not an unchangeable information carrier, but is subject to dynamic interactional change that has essential relevance for evolutionary novelty. It has been found, that in some events, a duplication of genes happened." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12570/abstract View in LinkedIn

JUNK BEGETS NOVELTY. "There are some indications that noncoding DNA plays a role in the de novo generation of genes." Smile at the reversals of history. https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

ADVANTAGEOUS ERRORS. "In an abundance of replication errors, in very few cases it may occur that one or a few are beneficial to prior master types. They have selective advantages, and the accumulation of such rare beneficial mutations is the driving force for variation, the core force that is subject to biological selection." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12570/abstract View in LinkedIn

MULTIPLE MEANINGS. "During translation from digital DNA storage into the analog code of protein language it is interesting that DNA information contains multiple RNA- and protein meanings, that is, from the same genetic data set it is possible to transcribe multiple RNA species or translate a variety of proteins according to the higher order regulations inherent in epigenetic control and/or transcriptional, pre- or posttranscriptional modification targets." https://lnkd.in/euyhznh View in LinkedIn

REPLICATION ERRORS. "If information is really only physics and chemistry, then replication can only form identical copies. If changes occur that vary the master copy, the correct designation is error. Therefore, mutation as error replication is the appropriate term, because it is a statistical event, randomly derived." https://lnkd.in/bpZMBAH View in LinkedIn