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EPIGENETIC INFLUENCE. "Our results strongly suggest that environmental changes modulate the transcriptome for fine regulation of the metabolome during development. According to this model, adaptive responses in maritime pine would influence the developmental programme through the maintenance of a metabolic homeostasis." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

GENE STIMULI. "We have identified a number of gene co-expression networks in the needles of maritime pine trees, confirming that such analysis can provide valuable indications of the functions of gene clusters and their co-regulation. Unravelling these networks is highly important for understanding conifer tree development and adaptation to environmental stimuli." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

METABOLIC ROLES. "Rubisco activity is downregulated during aging, in accordance with its postulated role as a nitrogen store. The observed profiles of sugars and methionine-related metabolites also suggest they play coordinated metabolic roles during ageing of maritime pine needles. Notably, pinitol is a ‘compatible solute’ involved in tolerance to osmotic and oxidative stresses in plants, and sucrose has cryoprotectant and osmoprotectant functions during overwintering." (Rubisco, a major photosynthetic molecule). http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

OLD WHORLS FOR STORAGE. "Carbon metabolism seems to be affected by long-term factors that increase levels of the main carbon metabolites as whorls age. This may be because young whorls have high metabolic rates and hence highly dynamic carbohydrate catabolism while, in contrast, old whorls may assimilate surplus carbon and play a role as metabolite stores. This is consistent with two of the strongest correlations detected, between the expression of a gene encoding a hexose transporter and the relative abundances of sucrose and pinitol." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

THIRD WHORL. "Levels of an important group of metabolites, mainly involved in C1 and redox metabolism, seem to decrease with increases in needle age, most clearly in the oldest, third whorl." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

WHORL-SPECIFIC. "The metabolite profiles of the needles mainly changed with developmental stage, and thus the whorl in which they were located, from the youngest to the oldest. However, the accumulation pattern of sucrose and some other metabolites seems also to be affected by the environmental conditions. Therefore, developmental time appears to be a long-term variable that strongly influences metabolite levels, suggesting that metabolic processes are similar in all whorls." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

PINE AGE VS ENVIRONMENT. "Major components of their metabolite profiles were strongly affected by inherent acclimation to winter (notably sucrose and pinitol) and needle age (e.g. betaine and methionine). In contrast, gene expression profiles were mainly dependent on environmental variables (notably the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and winter acclimation being positively and negatively correlated with temperature, respectively)." https://lnkd.in/evt9GfD View in LinkedIn

BROAD ROLES. "Increasing knowledge about the abundance of different but compatible RNAs, most if not all of them in coacting processes via cooperation and suppression as well as amplification." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

PINE NEEDLES' "photosynthetic capacity increases as they mature, peaks when they are fully expanded, then gradually declines until senescence, typically several years later. Senescence is a tightly controlled process in which various nutrients may be mobilized; for example, Rubisco and other soluble proteins in older leaves may be used as nitrogen stores during the development of new needles in the spring." http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/66/11/3113.full View in LinkedIn

"DNA CENTRISM, which investigates DNA as the dominant genetic information storage medium, might be wrong because the older RNAs are the dominant interactors as soon as transcription starts." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn