PARTS OF A WHOLE. "In current biology, a network (eg, the nodes in the net) is not evaluated from the perspective of agents. Individual participants are simply “inert” nodes in an interacting net. Proteomes, transcriptomes, and interactomes are all more or less presented as such simple collections in a systems biology view of such ensembles." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn
PARASITE COMPETITION FOR HOSTS. "The presence of one parasite might prevent infection or manipulation by another parasite. Wolbachia, for example, has been reported to reduce or increase the susceptibility of its host to virus infections." https://lnkd.in/e2g9KSe View in LinkedIn
PRE-COORDINATED NETWORKS. "Viral quasispecies as precoordinated networks of integrating agents brought Alu. The integration of infecting agents into host genomes is not a randomly occurring process but needs the features and competences of consortia of RNA stem loops, that is, what Eigen termed quasispecies populations." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn
COERCED INTO HOME BUILDING. "Parasitic wasps can also make the host weave a special cocoon-like structure to protect the wasp pupae [offspring] against heavy rain." https://lnkd.in/ee8uBmA View in LinkedIn
REGIONAL MOLECULAR EVOLUTION. "Because organisms vary widely in genome GC content in a manner consistent with directional mutation pressure, we might expect the different parts of the RNA molecule to change in composition at different rates due to the different selective constraints in different regions, just as the three reading frames within mRNAs change in composition at different rates that reflect the average effect of mutations in each frame." https://lnkd.in/erj2nzZ View in LinkedIn
CONSCRIPTED BODYGUARDS. "Some parasites turn their host into a bodyguard to ensure the protection of the parasite from enemies ... Thyrinteina leucocerae caterpillars protect pupae of the braconid parasitoid Glyptapanteles ... Once the parasitoid larvae leave the host to pupate, the host defends the pupae by knocking off predators with violent head-swings, resulting in reduced mortality rates of the parasitoid pupae." https://lnkd.in/e2g9KSe View in LinkedIn
ALU DOMAIN. "All domains of life have their own peculiar and related 7S like RNAs, but only eukaryotes and some prokaryotes have the Alu domain (stem loops) at the 5′ end. This RNA appears to have been present in an RNA quasispecies-like world with conserved domains of dsRNA and bound proteins." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn
"THE PARASITOID WASP Glyptapanteles lays its eggs, about 80 at a time, in young geometrid caterpillars. The eggs hatch and the larvae feed on the caterpillar's body fluids. When they are fully developed, they eat through the caterpillar's skin, attach themselves to a nearby branch or leaf and wrap themselves up in a cocoon." https://lnkd.in/epZss3y View in LinkedIn