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TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS. "However, the vast majority of these elements are inactive in humans, due to a very large fraction being highly degraded by mutation." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

UNRESTRAINED INTRON EVOLUTION. "It is also clear that the vast majority of intronic sequence evolves in an unconstrained way, accumulating mutations at about the same rate as neutral regions." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

FECUND VIRAL FRAGMENTS. "Because of their capacity to increase in copy number, transposable elements have long been described as “parasitic” or “selfish”." https://lnkd.in/eT5V5Xc View in LinkedIn

ROLES IN TIME AND SPACE. "Greater than 95% of human multi-exon genes express multiple splice isoforms. Furthermore, there is evidence for alternatively splicing events that are often differentially regulated across tissues and during development, as well as among individuals and populations, suggesting that individual isoforms may serve specific spatial or temporal roles." http://bitesizebio.com/10148/what-is-alternative-splicing-and-why-is-it-important/ View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT VIRAL BITS AND PIECES. "By far the dominant type of nongenic DNA are transposable elements (TEs), including various well-described retroelements such as Short and Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements (SINEs and LINEs), endogenous retroviruses, and cut-and-paste DNA transposons." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

MAJORITY OF GENES ALTERNATIVELY SPLICE. "At least 75% of roughly 30,000 human genes undergo alternative splicing to encode two or more splice isoforms, with striking variation across tissue types and developmental stages." http://bitesizebio.com/10148/what-is-alternative-splicing-and-why-is-it-important/ View in LinkedIn

INTRONS AMPLIFY DIVERSITY. "Introns can increase the diversity of protein products by modulating alternative splicing." Not one gene one protein. http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

ALTERNATIVE SPLICING "is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene. This mechanism increases the informational diversity and functional capacity of a gene during post-transcriptional processing and provides an opportunity for gene regulation." http://bitesizebio.com/10148/what-is-alternative-splicing-and-why-is-it-important/ View in LinkedIn

SEVERELY UNDERSTUDIED. "In Staphylococcus aureus, hundreds of small regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified, yet this class of molecule remains poorly understood and severely understudied. sRNA genes are typically absent from genome annotation files, and as a consequence, their existence is often overlooked, particularly in global transcriptomic studies." https://lnkd.in/eG7SUXV View in LinkedIn

SMALL FUNCTIONAL FRACTION. "Thus, even if a vast new untapped world of functional noncoding RNA is discovered, this will probably be transcribed from a small fraction of the human genome." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn