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MOBILE ELEMENTS. "The majority of human DNA consists of repetitive, mutationally degraded sequences." Chew on that one. http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

ESSENTIAL GENES WITH NO FUNCTION. "The crux of the story is this: an astonishing number of the genes added to Syn 3.0 at the behest of their computer model, while apparently essential for life, have no known function. Their final genome had exactly 473 genes in it, and a whopping 149 of these are currently mysterious." Not no function, just none yet known. Syn 3.0 was a minimal genome creation. https://lnkd.in/eJEhicj View in LinkedIn

SOBERING STATE OF AFFAIRS. "The Stanford-NIST team found that, on average, about a fifth of each of the 56 disease-related genes flagged by ACMG is situated outside well-characterized, high-confidence regions of the NIST reference genome." https://lnkd.in/emhRZgK View in LinkedIn

MAINSTREAM VIEW: TERRA INFIRMA. "Significant parts of the genome are largely uncharted territory. Only about 5 percent of the 19,000 to 21,000 protein-encoding genes are situated entirely within portions of the human genome currently characterized with high confidence." https://lnkd.in/emhRZgK View in LinkedIn

SUPER-SURPRISING VIEW. "Most of the major constituents of the genome have been well characterized." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANCE OF FACTORS. "At first blush, sequences that are bound by transcription factors (TFs) appear to be very abundant, making up about 8.5% of the genome." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. "Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. Transcription factors include a wide number of proteins, excluding RNA polymerase, that initiate and regulate the transcription of genes." https://lnkd.in/eETEA2N View in LinkedIn

SEVERELY UNDERSTUDIED. "In Staphylococcus aureus, hundreds of small regulatory or small RNAs (sRNAs) have been identified, yet this class of molecule remains poorly understood and severely understudied. sRNA genes are typically absent from genome annotation files, and as a consequence, their existence is often overlooked, particularly in global transcriptomic studies." https://lnkd.in/eG7SUXV View in LinkedIn

SMALL FUNCTIONAL FRACTION. "Thus, even if a vast new untapped world of functional noncoding RNA is discovered, this will probably be transcribed from a small fraction of the human genome." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn

ANOTHER FRACTION. "Besides protein-coding sequences (including associated untranslated regions), which make up 1.5%–2.5% of the human genome, data from ENCODE suggest that conserved long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generated from about 9,000 loci that add up to less than an additional 0.4%." http://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1004351 View in LinkedIn