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PROTEIN ANALOG PHASE. "Focusing strictly on digital storage therefore neglects this critical aspect of how biological information is processed." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn

GHOST IN THE MACHINE. "The algorithm itself is therefore highly delocalized, distributed inextricably throughout the very physical system whose dynamics it encodes." Elegant synthesis. http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn

DIGITAL TO ANALOG. "Much of the information digitally stored in DNA must first be transcribed and translated before it becomes algorithmically meaningful in the context of the cell where it is then processed as analogue information through protein interaction networks." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn

"THE ALGORITHM for building an organism is therefore not only stored in a linear digital sequence (tape), but also in the current state of the entire system (e.g. epigenetic factors such as the level of gene expression, post-translational modifications of proteins, methylation patterns, chromatin architecture, nucleosome distribution, cellular phenotype and environmental context)." https://lnkd.in/einZ2Fh View in LinkedIn

ANALOG CHEMISTRY. "The proteome, and in fact nearly all biochemical interactions in the cell, processes information in an analogue format, i.e. through chemical reactions which rely on continuous rates." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn

TOP DOWN CONTROL. "DNA does not contain a blueprint for building the entire cell, but instead contains only small parts of a much larger biological algorithm, which may be roughly described as the distributed ‘top-down’ control of an organism." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn

LIFE AS AUTOMATA. "From the insights provided by molecular biology over the past 50 years, we can now identify that all known life functions in a manner akin to von Neumann automata, where DNA provides an (partial) algorithm, ribosomes act as the core of the UC and DNA polymerases (along with a suite of other molecular machinery) play the role of a supervisory unit." (UC = universal constructor of von Neumann). http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/79/20120869.short View in LinkedIn

THE POPULAR THEME of predation in nature in the media simply reinforces our cultural biases. This cheap sensationalism is the modern sofa-based gladiator pit, replete with gory horror. https://lnkd.in/dbXjWMi View in LinkedIn

SEARING IMAGE. Fischer and Tennyson provoke and almost certainly meant to describe the typical predator-prey relationship of a lion and an antelope. The image of the struggle of life on an individual basis. Run with the herd and thrive; be injured or get sick and the predators will pick you off. How may a purely biological viewpoint modify these deeply prevalent images of nature? View in LinkedIn

MAINSTREAM VIEW. "Life preys upon life. This is biology's most fundamental fact." (Martin H. Fischer); "Nature red in tooth and claw." (Alfred Lord Tennyson). https://lnkd.in/d4pWgqG View in LinkedIn