“PARASITISM is currently considered to be one of the most powerful forces driving evolution. Traditionally, parasites are viruses, prokaryotes, or eukaryotes that exploit other such organisms. Recently, however, ultraselfish genetic elements (sex-ratio-distorting cytoplasmatic genes, meiotic drivers, etc., have also been considered to “parasitize” individual genes or complete genomes. At the other end of the range of biological entities, “social parasites” parasitize complete societies.” Another huge leap in scale like multicellularity.
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