DIOECY. “Dioecious plants, however fertilised, have a great advantage over other plants in their cross-fertilisation being assured. But this advantage is gained … with some risk … of their fertilisation occasionally failing. Half the individuals, moreover, namely, the males, produce no seed, and this might possibly be a disadvantage… dioecious plants cannot spread so easily as monoecious and hermaphrodite species, for a single individual, which happened to reach some new site, could not propagate its kind.”
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