THIS ENDS this important paper that repositions the evolution of prokaryotes versus eukaryotes in the light of promiscuous gene transfer. The biological world view was overly vertebrate-centric, and generalized nature from this perspective. In fact, vertebrates are a very minor group compared to the microbial world. This important contribution has adjusted that view accordingly. When combined with the curious mechanisms from the plant world, we have a less pear-shaped view of the natural world.