Month: September 2022

PROTEIN VARIANT SELECTION. "It has been proposed that protein promiscuity (i.e., non-specific interaction) provides the basis for novel protein–protein interactions. Once established, natural selection will favor beneficial protein–protein interactions and incorporate changes stabilizing them." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

PEER INTERACTIONS. "De novo genes were found to interact preferentially, but not exclusively, with genes of the same age. Most likely, de novo genes do not acquire catalytic functions, suggesting that they serve primarily regulatory functions in their networks." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING TRANSCRIPTION. "Emerging evidence suggests that genomes transcribe a much larger repertoire of non-coding compared to protein-coding RNAs, a phenomenon that is more elaborate in complex organisms. Additionally, the number and types of known functional non-coding RNAs, short or long in size, has been significantly expanded, as these may be involved in cis or trans regulation of genes located in their vicinity or at distant loci." https://lnkd.in/ef6MAfH View in LinkedIn

COORDINATION IS CRITICAL. "A gene embedded in random DNA is inert. In the absence of sequence motifs and proteins capable of directing transcription, the protein it encodes will remain invisible to selection." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

MULTILEVEL CONTEXTUAL CONTROL. "Every gene with a phenotypic impact is flanked by regulatory sequences that, in conjunction with the expression and activity of proteins encoded elsewhere, regulate when expression occurs, at what level, under what environmental conditions, and in which cells or tissues." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

TWO KEY SEQUENCES. "Transcriptional regulatory sequences are as important for gene function as the coding sequences that determine the linear array of amino acids in a protein." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

GENE REGULATION. "Promoters are central to the regulation of gene expression. Changes in gene regulation are thought to underlie much of the adaptive diversification between species and phenotypic variation within populations." https://lnkd.in/d6USApZ View in LinkedIn

PRIMITIVE UNDERSTANDING. "Overall, we still have a limited ability to interpret how genetic variants alter gene regulation. We do not know how to “read the genome” and predict gene regulatory outputs. Our understanding of regulatory mechanisms and biochemical interactions has not yet matured into an ability to “read the code” and fully model transcriptional regulation." https://lnkd.in/dFv6Tsi View in LinkedIn

COMMON DRAMATIC CHANGES. "In contrast to earlier work emphasizing the importance of enhancer evolution and subtle sequence changes at promoters, we show that dramatic changes such as the complete gain and loss (collectively turnover) of functional promoters are common." http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2015/07/30/gr.190546.115 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE contemplates the question of the relationship of genotype to phenotype; many of us consider this to be a direct relationship. But it turns out to be less clear. The view that genes are the all-powerful factors that determine phenotype has been shockingly undermined with new thinking in recent years, in ways unimaginable 50 years ago. Entwined into this have been semantic assumptions that confounded a clearer view: namely, that the parts alone cannot do much, but it is the contextual sum of the parts that make organisms what they are. White Swan: obvious with hindsight, perhaps. View in LinkedIn