Month: September 2022

ABUNDANT EXAMPLES. "In the last 15 years, more than 1,000 examples of DNA sequence changes have been linked to naturally occurring non-deleterious phenotypic differences between individuals or species in Eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/d3vzXnd View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this meditation on the connection between genes and traits, and how our collective scientific perspective on the subject has drastically modified based in new data. We have transitioned from a simplistic view of the relationship of genotype to phenotype to one that appreciates the profound contextual interconnectedness of natural systems. Next weekend we consider why alternation of generations occurs, where gene numbers keep halving and doubling in life cycles. View in LinkedIn

"PROMOTOR TURNOVER has occurred at the majority (>56%) of protein-coding genes since humans and mice diverged. Tissue-restricted promoters are the most evolutionarily volatile where retrotransposition is an important, but not the sole source of innovation." http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2015/07/30/gr.190546.115 View in LinkedIn

REWIRING GENE REGULATION. "Our results suggest that promoter gain and loss is an important process in the evolutionary rewiring of gene regulation and may be a significant source of phenotypic diversification." http://genome.cshlp.org/content/early/2015/07/30/gr.190546.115 View in LinkedIn

CODING SEQUENCES. "While the evolution of coding DNA sequences has been intensively studied during the last years and plenty of models have been derived to characterize their evolutionary dynamics, the evolution and structure of regulatory DNA sequences still remain poorly understood." https://lnkd.in/dpmNZfM View in LinkedIn

CHANGES IN REGULATION. "Changes in transcriptional regulation constitute a major component of the genetic basis for phenotypic evolution. Their arguments were based in part on the realization that the phenotypic impact of a gene is a function of two distinct components: the biochemical activity of the protein it encodes and the specific conditions under which that protein is expressed and is therefore able to exert its activity." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

LESSER SELECTION. "Compared to protein-coding regions, transcriptional promoter regions are subject to much less stringent selection and have higher nucleotide substitution rates, where short transcription factor binding sites can easily turn over and be replaced by new ones arising from random mutations." https://lnkd.in/dgA56Yx View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED SEQUENCES. "In many cases, the function of a regulatory sequence may, however, remain well conserved despite substantial sequence changes." https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/gb-2007-8-10-r225 View in LinkedIn

"PROMOTERS are typically located upstream of the gene they regulate. They contain binding sites for regulatory proteins such as transcription factors (TFs). The binding of a TF to a binding sites enables other factors to bind and finally leads to the recruitment (transcriptional activation) or blocking (transcriptional repression) of the RNA polymerase which is responsible for transcribing the corresponding gene." https://lnkd.in/dpmNZfM View in LinkedIn

Rock climber makes historic ropeless ascent of California's El Capitan View in LinkedIn