Month: September 2022

SPECKLES REGULATE. "In higher organisms, granules that contain protein, mRNAs and ncRNAs are found in the cytoplasm of somatic and germ cells. Specific components of these RNA granules can alter DNA and RNA sequences, and can regulate transcription in a form of cytoplasmic inheritance." (ncRNA = non coding RNA). Non-Mendelian inheritance. View in LinkedIn

SPECKLES AND EPIGENETICS. "During mitosis, germ-cell granules shrink and disappear from the part of the cell that will become the soma, and fuse or enlarge in the part of the cell that will remain germline. The differentiation of somatic and germline daughter cells is determined in part by the absence or presence of germ-cell granules. These are also acquired to specify the germline in the next generation, which represents clear example of epigenetic inheritance." View in LinkedIn

ARCHITECTS OF COMPLEXITY. "An overwhelming evidence for the diverse roles the ncRNAs play in gene expression suggests that they are indeed the architects of eukaryotic complexity from the evolutionary point of view." (ncRNA = non coding RNA). View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED AND DIVERGENT. "A large number of ncRNAs identified so far depict highly conserved sequences within the animal and plant kingdoms. However, a great deal of divergence occurred between the two kingdoms." (ncRNA = non coding RNA). View in LinkedIn

CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE. "Highly conserved DNA sequences are thought to have functional value. The role for many of these highly conserved non-coding DNA sequences is not understood. Ultra-conserved elements or sequences (UCEs or UCRs, ultra-conserved regions) that share 100% identity among human, mouse and rat were first described by Bejerano and colleagues in 2004." https://lnkd.in/eZmb7gi View in LinkedIn

JUNK RELATED TO COMPLEXITY. "A comparative analysis has shown that the complexity of organisms is inversely proportional to the protein coding genes in their genomes. In fact, the ncRNA-mediated gene regulation is widespread among higher eukaryotes, when compared to prokaryotes. In humans, about 98 percent of the total transcriptional output is non-coding." (ncRNA = non coding or junk RNA). " "Non-Coding RNAs: A Dynamic and Complex Network of Gene Regulation" "Munshi A, Mohan V and Ahuja YR View in LinkedIn

JUNK RELATED TO COMPLEXITY. "A comparative analysis has shown that the complexity of organisms is inversely proportional to the protein coding genes in their genomes. In fact, the ncRNA-mediated gene regulation is widespread among higher eukaryotes, when compared to prokaryotes. In humans, about 98 percent of the total transcriptional output is non-coding." (ncRNA = non coding or junk RNA). View in LinkedIn

Ref for previous uncited quote: Non-Coding RNAs: A Dynamic and Complex Network of Gene Regulation" "Munshi A, Mohan V and Ahuja YR View in LinkedIn

LARGER GENOMES AND MORE COMPLEXITY. "The genomes of most eukaryotes are larger and more complex than those of prokaryotes. This larger size of eukaryotic genomes is not inherently surprising, since one would expect to find more genes in organisms that are more complex." But do not underestimate the sophistication of gene streamlining through outsourcing, as in bacteria and viruses. https://lnkd.in/d3J4fHw View in LinkedIn

DNA CONTENT. "However, the genome size of many eukaryotes does not appear to be related to genetic complexity. For example, the genomes of salamanders and lilies contain more than ten times the amount of DNA that is in the human genome, yet these organisms are clearly not ten times more complex than humans." https://lnkd.in/d3J4fHw View in LinkedIn