Month: September 2022

FDA POLICY on phage safety is still not settled. "Despite this safety record, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) did not have guidelines for reviewing bacteriophage preparations until recently, and those guidelines are not yet fully finalized." http://lnkd.in/digJGBR View in LinkedIn

CO2 increases can diminish nutrition in crops. View in LinkedIn

PHAGES IN US CLINICAL TRIAL: "in 2008, FDA officials approved the first phage phase I clinical trial evaluating phage ... used a cocktail containing eight phages ... and the trial included 42 patients with venous leg ulcers. The trial results fully supported the safety of the complex, multiphage preparation in the infected patients." http://lnkd.in/digJGBR View in LinkedIn

PHAGES IN MEDICINES have a long tradition in Russia. "A major Soviet pharmacological giant, Microgen, has now taken over all of the commercial phage production in Russia, and a wide variety of their phage preparations are available in pharmacies as well as on line." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278644/ View in LinkedIn

"MICROGEN is the only enterprise in Russia producing bacteriophages on an industrial scale. The Scientific and Production Association Microgen was established in May 2003 as a result of the merger of state-owned enterprises producing medical immunobiological products and other medical drugs." http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microgen View in LinkedIn

ROLE OF GOOD BACTERIA. "Though people can survive without gut flora, (they) perform a host of useful functions ... fermenting unused energy substrates, training the immune system, preventing growth of harmful, pathogenic bacteria, regulating the development of the gut, producing vitamins for the host ... and producing hormones to direct the host to store fats." http://lnkd.in/d5Kw3zC View in LinkedIn

DEFINING GUT BACTERIA. "Between 300 and 1000 different species live in the gut, with most estimates at about 500 ... 99% of the bacteria come from about 30 or 40 species. Fungi, protozoa, and archaea also make up a part of the gut flora, but little is known about their activities. Not all the species ... have been identified because most cannot be cultured." http://lnkd.in/d5Kw3zC View in LinkedIn

TOO EARLY TO DEFINE good bacteria for possible probiotic water. "More research is needed to clarify the role of probiotics for preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhea, Clostridium difficile infection, travelers’ diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and vulvovaginal candidiasis." However, identifying the pathogens to exclude in drinking water is easy. http://www.ajhp.org/content/67/6/449.short View in LinkedIn

WATER PURIFICATION by use of phages could progress simply by targeting known pathogens, and leaving the non-pathogenic strains in drinking water. This would be a logical step towards water purification that considered the beneficial microbiome instead of our unsuccessful scorched earth policy which is selecting for chorine resistant strains. View in LinkedIn

GUT MICROBIOME EXPERIMENT where a brave soul (Jeff Leach) took a year to change diets and study the changes in their gut microbiome. The results were startling: dramatic changes (in only 2-3 weeks) of the component bacterial populations according to diet. One day we will have our gut microbiome on our cell phone with our genome. http://lnkd.in/dzz5XyZ View in LinkedIn