Month: September 2022

YOUNG'S MODULUS of animal cells is 100 pa to 0.1 MPa. In nano dimensions these are highly significant. https://lnkd.in/eXqT-Hc View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC MEMBRANES. "The cell membrane is not a static barrier. It's always moving, its thickness fluctuating and waves rippling through it ... Some theories indicate that if a protein is near the interior of the membrane when it is moving in just the right way, this movement might allow the protein to work its way in somehow." https://lnkd.in/e2sriga View in LinkedIn

FLIPPASES. "Phospholipid flip-flop is required for bilayer assembly and the maintenance of biogenic (self-synthesizing) membranes such as the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Due to the membrane topology of phospholipid biosynthesis, newly synthesized phospholipids are initially located in the cytoplasmic leaflet of biogenic membranes and must be translocated to the exoplasmic leaflet to give uniform bilayer growth." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15809683 View in LinkedIn

EXTREMOPHILES are a group of highly adapted organisms living in conditions lethal to other life forms. Their outer cell membranes are the interface between these harsh environments and the often delicate cellular machinery inside, and in many cases show remarkable adaptations that permit their unusual lifestyle. View in LinkedIn

"THE ARCHAEA are a unique group of organisms that share properties with both the eukarya and bacteria. For a long time, archaeal life was considered to be limited to extreme environments such as high temperature, alkaline and acidic hot springs, anaerobic sediments, and highly saline environments." https://lnkd.in/eBsayVj View in LinkedIn

UNIQUE CRYSTALLINE MEMBRANES. "Most of the archaeal species characterized so far have a single chemically distinct cell membrane, which differs considerably from their eukaryotic and bacterial counterparts. The ether-type polar lipid surface is covered by a surface layer composed of glycoproteins crystallized in regular two-dimensional lattices with hexagonal or tetragonal symmetry." https://lnkd.in/eBsayVj View in LinkedIn

"ARCHAEAL MEMBRANES are made of molecules that differ strongly from those in other life forms, showing that archaea are related only distantly to bacteria and eukaryotes. The stereochemistry of the glycerol moiety is the reverse of that found in other organisms. This suggests that archaea use entirely different enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids than do bacteria and eukaryotes. In some archaea the lipid bilayer is replaced by a monolayer." https://lnkd.in/erDwTyt View in LinkedIn

HARSH ARCTIC SEA ENVIRONMENTS. "Extracellular freezing leads to cell dehydration, and the chilling temperatures reduce water absorption. Dehydration caused by high salinities and a low water activity is therefore a major stress factor for ice-trapped organisms. Conversely, when the ice melts, the organisms that are released are suddenly exposed to hyposaline conditions, providing an advantage for those that can adapt to a wide salinity range." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00209.x/full View in LinkedIn

MEMBRANE REMODELLING. "For successful adaptation to altered physicochemical environments, cell membrane remodelling is essential. Our data indicate that the fluidity of the plasma membrane can be used as an indicator of fitness for survival in extreme environments." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2007.00209.x/full View in LinkedIn

TOBACCO = JUNK FOOD. Remember that the ownership of huge sectors of the junk food market is by tobacco interests. They are in the same business of physiologically inappropriate cue stimulation and addiction, with a predeliction for young customers. View in LinkedIn