Month: September 2022

PLANT MICROORGANISM DEFENSE RESPONSES. "Defense responses include suicide of the attacked host cell (the so-called hypersensitive response); the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (called phytoalexins); the production of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, of which many exert antimicrobial properties; and the production and oxidative cross-linking of cell wall polymers." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn

STRATEGIES OF SELF-PROTECTION. "Wounding by herbivores leads to (1) direct defence via synthesis of toxic compounds as well as toxic or antinutritional proteins such as proteinase inhibitors (PIs) and (2) indirect defence by release of volatiles to affect the attraction of carnivores, parasitoids and predators or by altered oviposition of herbivores." https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

ALARM HORMONES released by plants include jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). Implicitly, they are released because (somehow) the plant knows there is a threat; and equally, who are these airborne signals designed to warn? https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

MASSIVE MOLECULAR MACHINERY. Plant jasmonate (JA) "exerts its protective effects by regulating a wide range of defense-related processes, including the synthesis of toxic secondary metabolites, production of morphological barriers, and changes in the rate of vegetative growth. JA responses depend on large-scale changes in gene expression." https://lnkd.in/eKj_2Vj View in LinkedIn

SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE PARASITE. "Plants such as Arabidopsis synchronize defence against herbivores by circadian JA accumulation with circadian insect behavior." https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE PARASITE. "Accumulation of JA and SA is circadian-regulated in different phases, and cabbage loopers (Trichoplusia) feed rhythmically on plants grown in light/dark cycles with only moderate tissue damage." https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn

PLANTS SMELL PARASITES. "Elicitors secreted by or released from microbial invaders are the primary signal for induction of plant defense responses." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn

PLANTS SMELL PARASITES. "Each pathogen produces a particular mixture of elicitors, which are sometimes accompanied by suppressors, and these molecules interact with receptors on the host cells that further translate the primary signal into particular events in the plasma membrane, the cytosol, and/or the nucleus." https://lnkd.in/erjTj6Y View in LinkedIn

PLANT JASMONATE. "Mechanical damage results in large increases (~25 fold) in JA and JA-Ila accumulation within 5 minutes of tissue injury." This remarkable response is testament to a sentient defense system. https://lnkd.in/eKj_2Vj View in LinkedIn

PRIORITIZED DEFENSES. "Plants survive in response to interactions between multiple attackers by prioritizing a specific signalling pathway and rewiring the hormone signalling network." Not a trivial undertaking. https://lnkd.in/edPEBi9 View in LinkedIn