Month: September 2022

"CONTRARY to the conventional view that proteins evolve one amino acid at a time, we realized over 40 years ago that larger-scale changes play a major role. Whatever the exact molecular mechanism may be, duplication of an entire protein coding sequence can only occur by NGE, not by a succession of small mutations." (NGE = Natural Genetic Engineering). http://www.thethirdwayofevolution.com/people/view/james-a-shapiro View in LinkedIn

COLLABORATIVE VIRAL SWARMS. "We therefore focus on some aspects of the consortia networks of viruses and subviral agents: RNA stem-loop swarms and viral and subviral networks (SINEs, LINEs, Alus) that cooperate and coordinate (regulate) within cellular genomes as infection-derived modular tools such as noncoding RNAs." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "Viruses exist as “mutant clouds” of closely-related individuals." https://lnkd.in/eeNnK4N View in LinkedIn

MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "Viruses exist as “mutant clouds” of closely-related individuals." https://lnkd.in/eeNnK4N View in LinkedIn

MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "Viruses exist as “mutant clouds” of closely-related individuals." https://lnkd.in/eeNnK4N View in LinkedIn

NEW FUNCTION CO-ADAPTATION. "Some noncoding RNAs built complementary consortia such as rRNAs, tRNAs, spliceosomes, editosomes, toxin/antitoxin modules, restriction/modification modules, and insertion/deletion modules. Such networks determine regulation complexity in various ways and may coadapt to different functions than they originally evolved for." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

NEW FUNCTION CO-ADAPTATION. "Some noncoding RNAs built complementary consortia such as rRNAs, tRNAs, spliceosomes, editosomes, toxin/antitoxin modules, restriction/modification modules, and insertion/deletion modules. Such networks determine regulation complexity in various ways and may coadapt to different functions than they originally evolved for." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

KEY EVOLUTIONARY PLAYERS. "Today we can identify several consortia of key players that coordinate and organize the genetic content compositions of host organisms: endogenous viruses and defectives, transposons, retrotransposons, long terminal repeats, nonlong terminal repeats, long interspersed nuclear elements, short interspersed nuclear elements, group I introns, group II introns, phages, and plasmids are currently investigated examples that use genomic DNA as their preferred living habitat." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

KEY EVOLUTIONARY PLAYERS. "Today we can identify several consortia of key players that coordinate and organize the genetic content compositions of host organisms: endogenous viruses and defectives, transposons, retrotransposons, long terminal repeats, nonlong terminal repeats, long interspersed nuclear elements, short interspersed nuclear elements, group I introns, group II introns, phages, and plasmids are currently investigated examples that use genomic DNA as their preferred living habitat." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn

DNA AS ECOLOGICAL NICHE. "DNA is not solely a genetic storage medium that serves as an evolutionary protocol but is also a species-specific ecological niche." https://lnkd.in/eUYvi8e View in LinkedIn