Year: 2022

EVIDENCE OF BENEFIT. "Studies in the model yeast S. cerevisiae by Goddard et al. (2005) provide a direct experimental test for the potential benefits of sex." http://www.mycologia.org/content/105/1/1.full View in LinkedIn

COMPETING MALE THEORY. "One likely candidate for influencing the evolution of obligate sex is sexual selection, the process by which individuals of one sex, typically the males, compete over mating opportunities. If individuals pick the best mates they can find rather than mating randomly then sexual populations can gain an advantage over asexual ones." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1516/full View in LinkedIn

CONTIGUOUS CONDITION. "Recently, it has been shown that sexual selection allows an allele for increased sexual reproduction to invade a facultative population as long as sexual selection and natural selection are acting in the same direction." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1516/full View in LinkedIn

ALLELE INVASION. "We demonstrate that obligate sex can evolve in finite diploid populations in the presence of sexual selection, with or without a long-term advantage. We find a parameter range allowing the invasion of a rare obligate allele into a facultative population. The invasion is more likely to occur when mutation rate is high, the cost of sex is low, sexual selection is strong, and the facultative individuals rarely reproduce sexually. Sexual selection is critical to the results." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1516/full View in LinkedIn

SPECIES AS UNIT OF SELECTION. "However, despite numerous experimental studies, such pressures in favor of sexual lineages have never been demonstrated. It would thus be a selection at the species level: a selection for species unable to lose sex because of constraints, and not a short-term advantage of sex." https://lnkd.in/dV7ZdGm View in LinkedIn

FREE ENERGY CONSUMPTION. "On the basis of the 2nd law of thermodynamics we find that both sexual and asexual reproduction can be regarded as a means to consume free energy in least time." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264712001700 View in LinkedIn

ENERGY STRATEGY. "Parthenogenesis is a fast way to consume a rich repository of free energy, e.g., an ample stock of food with a large number of individuals, whereas sexual reproduction is a fast way to consume diverse and dispersed resources with a large variety of individuals." (Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which the offspring develops from unfertilized eggs). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264712001700 View in LinkedIn

NEW CRITERION OF SELECTION. "We conclude that the least-time free energy consumption in respective surroundings, as the general criterion of natural selection, determines also sexual and asexual modes of reproduction." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264712001700 View in LinkedIn

CONTRARIAN VIEW. "It is proposed that light can be shed on these questions by viewing evolution and organisms as natural processes contingent on the second law of thermodynamics, equivalent to the principle of least action in its original form. Consequently, natural selection acts on variation in any mechanism that consumes energy from the environment rather than on genetic variation." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/11/94/20131017 View in LinkedIn

FREE ENERGY AND PHENOTYPE. "Thus, genes are merely a means of specifying polypeptides: those that serve free energy consumption in a given surroundings contribute to cellular phenotype as determined by the phenotype." http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/11/94/20131017 View in LinkedIn