Year: 2022

EARLY IMPORTANCE. “The submm galaxies generate a significant fraction of the energy output of all the galaxies in the early Universe.” (Submm = submillimeter). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

GALAXY EVOLUTION. “Discovering the process by which the dense, gravitationally bound galaxies formed in the Universe from an initially almost uniform gas, and understanding the way their constituent populations of stars were born is a key goal of modern physical cosmology.” https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

ANTECEDENTS. “It is well known that scientists frequently build their original work on memories of the antecedent contributions of others which are not always clearly in consciousness. Truly original ideas, totally devoid of instigation by previous work of others, are remarkably rare and constitute milestones in the history of the development of mankind.” (Nathan Roth, New York, 2017) https://lnkd.in/dJ5pwkMS. View in LinkedIn

Sequier’s pink is a gorgeous small flower that appears in the late summer in Catalonia. View in LinkedIn

NOVEL TERRITORY. “This review discusses the results of a new type of direct observation of the galaxy formation process, made possible by the development of powerful new radiation detectors sensitive to wavelengths in the range 200 µm to about 1 mm: the submillimeter (submm) waveband.” (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

CLEAR SEPARATION. “The detection of submm radiation from distant galaxies is one of the most recent developments in observational cosmology, and has finally brought this region of the electromagnetic spectrum into use for making cosmological observations not directly connected with the cosmic microwave background (CMB).” (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

CHALLENGING WAVELENGTHS. “With the possible exception of the hardest X-ray wavebands, studies of distant galaxies in the submm waveband remained elusive for the longest period.” The many reasons for this difficulty are discussed. (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

HIGH ENERGY SOURCES. “The first extragalactic submm/mm surveys using SCUBA and MAMBO revealed a population of very luminous high-redshift galaxies, which as a population, were responsible for the release of a significant fraction of the energy generated by all galaxies over the history of the Universe.” (Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

“THE POWER SOURCE for dusty galaxies. About 99% of the energy released by galaxies in the submm and far-IR wavebands is produced by thermal emission from dust grains; the remainder comes from fine-structure atomic and molecular rotational line emission. However, the source of the energy to power this emission by heating dust is often unclear.” (IR = infrared; Submm == submillimeter wavelengths). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn

STAR POWER. “In intermediate luminosity galaxies…the most intense knots of star-formation activity, from which most of the luminosity of the system emerges, are not coincident with either nucleus of the merging galaxies, but occur in a deeply dust-enshrouded overlap region of the ISM of the galaxies. This provides a strong argument that almost all of the energy in this system is being generated by star formation rather than an AGN.” (ISM = interstellar media; AGN = active galactic nuclei). https://lnkd.in/dAkZ_ejH View in LinkedIn