Year: 2022

DOGMA BUST. "One gene can encode more than one protein (even up to 1,000). The human genome contains about 21,000 protein-encoding genes, but the total number of proteins in human cells is estimated to be between 250,000 to one million." No more one gene, one protein. https://lnkd.in/eaJ6nXS View in LinkedIn

92% PICTURE. "The human organism is made up of at least 18,097 different proteins, according to a study led by Bernhard Küster from Technische Universität München (TUM) and published in the May 2014 issue of the scientific journal Nature. Another study published in the same journal issue by a team led by Akhilesh Pandey from Johns Hopkins University in the US arrived at the slightly lower figure of 17,294 proteins." https://lnkd.in/eKcDV6b View in LinkedIn

WORK IN PROGRESS. "An international research project called the Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) was set up along the same lines as the genome research project. The ultimate target is to analyse every protein in every tissue – including their changes over time and variants of the basic form. This undertaking would mean analysing 500,000, possibly even a million proteins." https://lnkd.in/eKcDV6b View in LinkedIn

MEMBRANE PROTEN TARGETS. "Out of the 625 protein targets with known pharmacological action for approved drugs on the market at present, 148 are secreted and 372 membrane-bound." Only 2-3% of the human genome is currently a druggable target. https://lnkd.in/eyqgiYT View in LinkedIn

TOTAL NUMBER. "We estimate the expected total number of proteins per unit cell volume as 2–4 million proteins per cubic micron. Some reported values for fission yeast and mammalian cells using mass spectrometry are 3–10 times lower than these estimates." https://lnkd.in/e-mvp3k View in LinkedIn

MOMENT-BY-MOMENT. "Then there is the matter of sheer numbers. A cell expresses between 10,000 to 15,000 proteins at any one time.' https://lnkd.in/eGii4i4 View in LinkedIn

NUMBER OF COPIES. "Proteins perform all the basic tasks in the cell, including producing energy, maintaining cell structures, regulating these processes and serving as signals to other cells. At any one time there can be anywhere from three to 10 million copies of a given protein in the cell." https://lnkd.in/eGii4i4 View in LinkedIn

ESTIMATE. "The number of potential molecules you can make from one gene is huge...It's very hard to estimate, but I wouldn't be surprised to have in one cell type 100,000 or more different proteins.” https://lnkd.in/e7av6ik View in LinkedIn

POST-TRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS. "The human body contains roughly 20,000 genes that are capable of producing proteins. Each gene can produce multiple forms of a protein, and these in turn can be decorated with several post-translational modifications: they can have phosphate or methyl groups attached, or be joined to lipids or carbohydrates, all of which affect their function." http://sandwalk.blogspot.com.es/2015/12/how-many-different-proteins-are-made-in.html View in LinkedIn

COFACTORS. "Shortly after or even during synthesis, the residues in a protein are often chemically modified by post-translational modification, which alters the physical and chemical properties, folding, stability, activity, and ultimately, the function of the proteins. Sometimes proteins have non-peptide groups attached, which can be called prosthetic groups or cofactors." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn