Year: 2022

SUPER-ORGANISM. "Mathematical models predict that viral quasispecies are not simply a collection of diverse mutants but a group of interactive variants, which together contribute to the characteristics of the population. According to this view, viral populations, rather than individual variants, are the target of evolutionary selection." https://lnkd.in/eb_myZ8 View in LinkedIn

TIDY HYPOTHESIS. "Our study provides direct evidence for a fundamental prediction of the quasispecies theory and establishes a link between mutation rate, population dynamics and pathogenesis." http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7074/abs/nature04388.html View in LinkedIn

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"HIGH MUTATION RATES of viruses combined with short generation times and pressures of natural selection allow viruses to quickly adapt to new environments. Add in vigorous horizontal gene transfer between viruses and other species, the genetic options multiply very fast." https://lnkd.in/e_-Sepw View in LinkedIn

"THE VIRAL MUTATION RATE is greater than all other organisms. The bigger the genome size, the slower the mutation rate. Their fast and flexible evolution creates viral quasi-species." https://lnkd.in/ehuyZUd View in LinkedIn

MUTANT VIRAL SWARMS. "RNA virus populations exist as swarms of mutant genotypes." Extraordinary creatures. https://lnkd.in/e9KGgbm View in LinkedIn

VIRAL DIVERSITY IN AIDS. "The HIV-1 genome, which is about 10,000 nucleotides long, can exist as 10(6020) different sequences. To put this number in perspective, there are 10(11) stars in the Milky Way galaxy and 10(80) protons in the universe." Not a typo! https://lnkd.in/eBAK-Ad View in LinkedIn

HIGH MUTATION RATE. "As a consequence of the lack of proofreading activity of RNA virus polymerases, new viral genetic variants are constantly created. RNA viruses readily adapt to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, the high mutation rate of RNA viruses compared with DNA organisms is responsible for their enormous adaptive capacity." https://lnkd.in/e9KGgbm View in LinkedIn

ALMOST RECKLESS RATE. "RNA viruses mutate at the maximum error rate compatible with maintaining the integrity of genetic information (i.e., the error threshold) because this would allow them to quickly find the beneficial mutations needed for adaptation." Standard hypothesis. https://lnkd.in/e9KGgbm View in LinkedIn

MUTANT SWARMS. "It is an unquestionable fact that RNA virus populations exist as swarms of mutant genotypes. Such enormous variability is an unavoidable consequence of the lack of exonuclease proofreading activity of the virus-encoded RNA polymerases with, in some cases, the added contribution of recombination." https://lnkd.in/e9KGgbm View in LinkedIn