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DNA AND RNA VIRUSES. "In prokaryotes, the great majority of viruses possess double-stranded (ds) DNA genomes, with a substantial minority of single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses and only limited presence of RNA viruses. In contrast, in eukaryotes, RNA viruses account for the majority of the virome diversity although ssDNA and dsDNA viruses are common as well." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215000859 View in LinkedIn

MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. "Various selfish elements parasitize on all cellular life forms. The relative abundances of different classes of viruses are dramatically different between prokaryotes and eukaryotes." https://lnkd.in/dsgDwFC View in LinkedIn

CRITICAL HYPOTHESIS. "Viruses and mobile elements as drivers of evolutionary transitions." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

VIRAL ROLE. "A major role of viruses in the host biology has also been demonstrated in prokaryotes as illustrated by gene transduction, in particular the transfer of photosystem genes by cyanophages, the use of defective prophages as vehicles for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) known as gene transfer agents, and more generally by the recruitment of viral genes for diverse host functions." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

BIG STEPS. "Major evolutionary transitions include the origin of prokaryotic and then eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms and eusocial animals." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

HUGE DERIVATION. "Sequences derived from mobile genetic elements (MGE) constitute large fractions of the genomes of many eukaryotes, e.g. up to 90% of some plant genomes and are considered to be important drivers of genome evolution." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

INCREASING COMPLEXITY. "The history of life is punctuated by evolutionary transitions which engender emergence of new levels of biological organization that involves selection acting at increasingly complex ensembles of biological entities." https://lnkd.in/dwWBEqU View in LinkedIn

ANCIENT PROCESS. "It is not surprising that plants have evolved mechanisms for dealing with obsolete organ systems. The shedding of leaves by the process of abscission is a very ancient trait - fossils from as early as the Devonian period (i.e., -400 million years ago) show evidence of abscission scars." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

MATURE LEAVES. "In principle, natural selection is unlikelyto favor excessive energy investment in the maintenance of such an organ past the average time of its usefulness to the plant, because such an investment may compromise reproductive success." https://lnkd.in/dNWP3KD View in LinkedIn

LEAF FALL. "Timing of leaf abscission is an important trait for biomass production and seasonal acclimation in deciduous trees. The signaling leading to organ separation, from the external cue (decreasing photoperiod) to ethylene-regulated hydrolysis of the middle lamellae in the abscission zone, is only poorly understood." https://lnkd.in/dTkfjMD View in LinkedIn